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Trabecular Meshwork Response to Pressure Elevation in the Living Human Eye
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The dysfunction of the trabecular meshwork during glaucoma course.

Sergio Claudio Saccà1, Alessandra Pulliero, Alberto Izzotti

  • 1Department of Head/Neck Pathologies, St Martino Hospital, Ophthalmology Unit, Genoa, Italy.

Journal of Cellular Physiology
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Primary open angle glaucoma is a multi-tissue disease. Molecular changes in the anterior chamber, including oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, trigger cell loss and point to trabecular cell protection as a key treatment strategy.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Glaucoma Pathogenesis
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is a multi-tissue disease affecting the trabecular meshwork, optic nerve head, and visual pathways.
  • Oxidative stress and vascular damage are key contributors to apoptotic cell loss in POAG.
  • Endogenous molecular alterations in the anterior chamber, stemming from mitochondrial failure and endothelial dysfunction, initiate glaucomatous damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular events in the anterior chamber during early glaucoma.
  • To understand the role of oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in trabecular meshwork cell apoptosis.
  • To explore the molecular interconnection between anterior and posterior eye tissues in glaucoma.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of molecular alterations in the aqueous humour of glaucoma patients.
  • Assessment of oxidative stress markers and antioxidant defenses.
  • Evaluation of mitochondrial function and endothelial cell integrity in trabecular meshwork.

Main Results:

  • Decreased antioxidant defenses and increased apoptosis in trabecular meshwork cells due to severe mitochondrial damage.
  • Presence of neural proteins in aqueous humour indicates anterior-posterior chamber molecular interconnection.
  • Aqueous humour composition reflects apoptosis, mitochondrial damage, and reduced antioxidants in glaucoma.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular events in the anterior chamber, particularly trabecular meshwork damage, are central to glaucoma pathogenesis.
  • Trabecular cell protection strategies are crucial for glaucoma treatment and prevention.
  • Understanding these molecular pathways offers insights into managing this multi-tissue disease.