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Related Concept Videos

The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...
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Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

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The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin...
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Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

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Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH...
10
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

3.5K
The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
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Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

8.3K
Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

12
Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
12

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Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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Same author

Comment on: Eucalcemic Parathyroid Hormone Elevation After Parathyroidectomy for Primary Sporadic Hyperparathyroidism: Risk Factors, Trend, and Outcome.

Annals of surgical oncology·2017
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Ramifications of New Terminology for Encapsulated Follicular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.

JAMA oncology·2016
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'Umbrella sign' in computerized tomogram to differentiate giant greater omental cyst from ascites.

Tropical gastroenterology : official journal of the Digestive Diseases Foundation·2014
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Cysticercosis in the thyroglossal duct cyst: rare site for a common problem.

Pathology·2014
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Authors' reply.

Journal of postgraduate medicine·2014
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Postoperative PTH measurement is not a reliable predictor for hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy in vitamin D deficiency: prospective study of 203 cases.

World journal of surgery·2013

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 24, 2026

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy
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Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy

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Vignette hyperparathyroidism: glimpse into its history.

N Dorairajan1, P V Pradeep

  • 11 The Tamilnadu Dr MGR Medical University, Chennai; Madras Medical College, Chennai; and Apollo Hospitals, Chennai; Tamil Nadu, India.

International Surgery
|September 13, 2014
PubMed
Summary

The parathyroid gland

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Surgical History
  • Metabolic Bone Disease

Background:

  • The parathyroid gland's initial description and naming.
  • Early observations linked parathyroidectomy to tetany and calcium metabolism.
  • Historical context of hyperparathyroidism (HPT) as a symptomatic bone disease.
Keywords:
HistoryHyperparathyroidismParathyroid adenomaParathyroid surgery

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Two Techniques to Create Hypoparathyroid Mice: Parathyroidectomy Using GFP Glands and Diphtheria-Toxin-Mediated Parathyroid Ablation
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Two Techniques to Create Hypoparathyroid Mice: Parathyroidectomy Using GFP Glands and Diphtheria-Toxin-Mediated Parathyroid Ablation

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Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging
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Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 24, 2026

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy
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Two Techniques to Create Hypoparathyroid Mice: Parathyroidectomy Using GFP Glands and Diphtheria-Toxin-Mediated Parathyroid Ablation
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Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging
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