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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Transformation01:33

Bacterial Transformation

52.0K
In 1928, bacteriologist Frederick Griffith worked on a vaccine for pneumonia, which is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. Griffith studied two pneumonia strains in mice: one pathogenic and one non-pathogenic. Only the pathogenic strain killed host mice.
Griffith made an unexpected discovery when he killed the pathogenic strain and mixed its remains with the live, non-pathogenic strain. Not only did the mixture kill host mice, but it also contained living pathogenic bacteria that...
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Bacterial Transformation01:33

Bacterial Transformation

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Transformation01:26

Transformation

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Microbial communities are dynamic environments where cell lysis releases free DNA into the surroundings. Other cells can take up this extracellular DNA through a process known as transformation.When a cell incorporates this foreign DNA into its genome, resulting in genetic modification, the process is known as transformation. Cells capable of this process are termed competent. Competence can be natural, as observed in certain bacteria and archaea, or artificially induced in the...
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Colonisation of Pathogens01:25

Colonisation of Pathogens

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Pathogen colonization of host tissues is a critical step in the development of infectious diseases. Various pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa, have evolved complex strategies to attach to, invade, and persist within host environments. These mechanisms enable pathogens to establish infections, evade immune responses, and resist antimicrobial treatments.Attachment to Host CellsIn bacteria, colonization typically begins with adherence to host epithelial...
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Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

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Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid...
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Transduction01:16

Transduction

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Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 24, 2026

Enteric Bacterial Invasion Of Intestinal Epithelial Cells In Vitro Is Dramatically Enhanced Using a Vertical Diffusion Chamber Model
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Enteric pathogens and cellular transformation: bridging the gaps.

Shahid Umar1

  • 1Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS.

Oncotarget
|September 13, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Cancer patients face higher infection risks. Microbes can trigger epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), promoting tumor growth, metastasis, and cancer stem cells (CSCs).

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Microbiology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Cancer patients are susceptible to infections, which can be exacerbated by treatments.
  • Microbial infections can induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a cellular process linked to cancer progression.
  • EMT is crucial in embryonic development and pathological conditions like fibrosis and tumor metastasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of microbes in promoting cancer progression via EMT.
  • To explore the connection between microbial-induced EMT and the generation of cancer stem cells (CSCs).
  • To evaluate EMT and CSC pathways activated by pathogens as potential therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Review of signaling pathways (TGFβ, Wnt, Notch) and transcription factors (Slug, Snail, Twist, Zeb1/2) involved in EMT.

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  • Analysis of the role of microbial organisms and pathobionts in inflammatory processes driving tumor growth.
  • Examination of EMT's contribution to CSC generation in various cancers, including colon cancer.

    • Main Results:

    • Microbes can induce EMT by altering epithelial cell plasticity.
    • EMT, driven by specific signaling pathways and transcription factors, enhances tumor progression, migration, and metastasis.
    • Microbial factors contribute to inflammation, promoting tumor growth in a significant percentage of cancer cases.
    • EMT and CSC pathways activated by pathogens are implicated in colon cancer and other malignancies.

    Conclusions:

    • Microbial induction of EMT is a key mechanism in cancer progression and metastasis.
    • Targeting pathogen-activated EMT and CSC pathways offers a novel therapeutic strategy against early-stage cancer and metastasis.
    • Understanding the interplay between microbes, EMT, and CSCs is crucial for developing innovative anti-cancer treatments.