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Current status of viroid taxonomy.

F Di Serio1, R Flores, J Th J Verhoeven

  • 1Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (C.N.R.), 70126, Bari, Italy, f.diserio@ba.ivv.cnr.it.

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Summary

Viroids are tiny infectious RNA molecules that cause plant diseases. This review discusses their current classification and the challenges in identifying new viroid species using advanced sequencing techniques.

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Area of Science:

  • * Plant pathology
  • * Molecular biology
  • * Virology

Background:

  • * Viroids are the smallest known infectious nucleic acids, characterized by small circular RNA genomes (250-400 nt) that do not encode proteins.
  • * They replicate autonomously and move systemically within host plants, often causing significant diseases.
  • * First discovered nearly 45 years ago, numerous viroid species have since been identified as causal agents of various plant ailments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To review the current viroid taxonomy scheme established by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV).
  • * To discuss the criteria used for demarcating viroid species and highlight ongoing taxonomic challenges.
  • * To address the importance of accurate taxonomic annotation for viroid sequence variants.

Main Methods:

  • * Review of existing viroid classification systems and ICTV guidelines.
  • * Analysis of taxonomic questions currently under consideration by the ICTV Viroid Study Group.
  • * Consideration of next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics in viroid identification and classification.

Main Results:

  • * The current viroid taxonomy is based on established criteria, but ongoing research presents challenges.
  • * The ICTV Viroid Study Group is actively addressing taxonomic questions and refining species demarcation.
  • * Advanced sequencing and bioinformatics are crucial for identifying and classifying known and novel viroids.

Conclusions:

  • * Accurate viroid taxonomy is essential for understanding plant diseases and pathogen evolution.
  • * The field faces challenges in classifying newly discovered viroid variants, necessitating updated criteria.
  • * Technological advancements are improving the detection and characterization of viroids, impacting taxonomy.