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Chest radiography for active tuberculosis case finding in the homeless: a systematic review and meta-analysis
K Paquette1, M P Cheng2, M J Kadatz2
1Department of Paediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Setting:
In low-incidence regions, tuberculosis (TB) often affects vulnerable populations. Guidelines recommend active case finding (ACF) in homeless populations, but there is no consensus on a preferred screening method.
Objective:
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the use of chest X-ray (CXR) screening in ACF for TB in homeless populations.
Design:
Articles were identified through EMBASE, Medline and the Cochrane Library. Studies using symptom screens, CXRs, sputum sweeps, tuberculin skin tests and/or interferon-gamma release assays to detect active TB in homeless populations were sought. Data were extracted using a standardised method by two reviewers and validated with an objective tool.
Results:
Sixteen studies addressing CXR screening of homeless populations for active TB in low-incidence regions were analysed. The pooled prevalence of active TB in the 16 study cohorts was 931 per 100 000 population screened (95%CI 565-1534) and 782/100 000 CXR performed (95%CI 566-1079). Six of seven longitudinal screening programs reported a reduction in regional TB incidence after implementation of the CXR-based ACF programme.
Conclusion:
Our data suggest that CXR screening is a good tool for ACF in homeless populations in low-incidence regions.
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