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Related Concept Videos

Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells01:23

Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells

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After cellular or tissue damage, the resident stem cells present in the human body can locally repair and regenerate the damaged tissue or organ. However, even though some tissues do not have stem cells, they can repair and regenerate with the help of pre-existing cells. For example, beta cells of the pancreas and hepatocytes of the liver can divide to renew and regenerate the tissue. Here, both cell division and cell death are well regulated by homeostasis.
However, failure of such a system...
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Source And Potency Of Stem Cells01:27

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with extensive self-renewal properties that help them maintain their population during the fetal and adult stages of life. They can specialize in all cell types of the human body. However, their differential potential may vary and can be classified into five types. Stem cells can be (1) Totipotent, (2) Pluripotent, (3) Multipotent, (4) Oligopotent, and (5) Unipotent. Each stem cell has a specific origin; the fertilized egg or zygote is a totipotent cell and...
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Liver Regeneration01:24

Liver Regeneration

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The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
Cells of Liver
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Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue01:15

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In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
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Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells01:12

Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells

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The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular...
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Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Author Spotlight: Generation of Patient-Derived Podocytes from Skin Biopsies
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Author Spotlight: Generation of Patient-Derived Podocytes from Skin Biopsies

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Progenitor cells and podocyte regeneration.

Stuart J Shankland1, Jeffrey W Pippin1, Jeremy S Duffield2

  • 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA.

Seminars in Nephrology
|September 14, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Discovering new podocyte progenitor cells is key for kidney regeneration. Adult kidney stem cells in afferent arterioles may offer a novel source for replacing lost podocytes, combating kidney disease.

Keywords:
GlomerulusWT-1cells of renin lineageglomerulosclerosisparietal epithelial cellsproteinuria

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Glomerular Outgrowth as an Ex Vivo Assay to Analyze Pathways Involved in Parietal Epithelial Cell Activation
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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • Podocytes are crucial for kidney filtration, but their limited self-renewal capacity in adults leads to progressive kidney disease.
  • Podocyte loss and inadequate regeneration cause glomerulosclerosis, highlighting the need for effective podocyte replacement strategies.
  • Identifying functional podocyte progenitors is essential for therapeutic regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review podocyte and parietal epithelial cell (PEC) development during glomerulogenesis.
  • To compare the potential of PECs as podocyte progenitors in humans versus animal models.
  • To present new evidence for novel adult podocyte progenitor sources.

Main Methods:

  • Review of developmental processes and existing literature on podocyte and PEC formation.
  • Comparison of in vitro and in vivo studies on PEC differentiation.
  • Analysis of recent findings on adult progenitor cells in afferent arterioles.

Main Results:

  • Parietal epithelial cells (PECs) expressing CD133 and CD24 show potential for podocyte differentiation in human kidneys.
  • Animal models suggest a more restricted role for PECs as adult podocyte progenitors.
  • Specialized vascular wall cells in adult afferent arterioles emerge as a novel source for podocyte and PEC regeneration.

Conclusions:

  • The origin and regenerative capacity of podocytes in adult kidneys are complex and not fully understood.
  • While PECs may contribute, novel progenitor cells in afferent arterioles offer a promising avenue for podocyte regeneration.
  • Understanding these progenitor sources is critical for developing therapies for progressive kidney diseases.