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Related Concept Videos

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

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Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
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Forced Transdifferentiation01:28

Forced Transdifferentiation

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Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
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iPS Cell Differentiation01:22

iPS Cell Differentiation

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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Muscular Dystrophy Patients: Efficient Integration-free Reprogramming of Urine Derived Cells
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Reprogramming somatic cells to a kidney fate.

Minoru Takasato1, Jessica M Vanslambrouck1, Melissa H Little1

  • 1The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

Seminars in Nephrology
|September 14, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Scientists are reprogramming adult cells, challenging older views of cell differentiation. This research offers new ways to regenerate kidney cells for treating kidney disease.

Keywords:
Kidneydedifferentiationinduced pluripotencykidney regenerationlineage conversionnephron progenitorsreprogramming

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Regenerative medicine
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • The traditional view of terminal differentiation in adult somatic cells is being challenged.
  • Recent advancements include dedifferentiation, direct reprogramming, and induced pluripotency.
  • These breakthroughs have significant implications for regenerative medicine and disease treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the potential of cell reprogramming for kidney disease.
  • To examine the technical and clinical challenges in applying these techniques to renal cell regeneration.
  • To explore how novel reprogramming strategies can benefit kidney disease research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on cell reprogramming and its application to kidney disease.
  • Analysis of techniques such as dedifferentiation, direct reprogramming, and induced pluripotency.
  • Examination of the feasibility of recreating renal cell types from somatic cells.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of dedifferentiation of proximal tubule cells to nephrogenic mesenchyme.
  • Evidence that adult cells can be reprogrammed to more primitive or different states.
  • Identification of potential for generating key renal cell types from accessible somatic cells.

Conclusions:

  • Cell reprogramming offers a promising avenue for kidney disease therapeutics.
  • Overcoming technical and clinical challenges is crucial for successful application.
  • New reprogramming approaches hold potential for advancing kidney disease treatment and research.