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Related Concept Videos

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Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study
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Voxel-based morphometry study of the insular cortex in bipolar depression.

Li-Rong Tang1, Chun-Hong Liu2, Bin Jing3

  • 1Center of the Treatment in Depressive Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China; Department of Radiology, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China.

Psychiatry Research
|September 15, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Bipolar depression (BD) is linked to specific brain structure changes in the insula. These gray matter volume differences in the insula may contribute to emotional and cognitive issues in BD patients.

Keywords:
Bipolar depressionInsulaMagnetic resonance imagingVoxel-based morphometry

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Bipolar depression (BD) involves emotional and cognitive processing deficits.
  • Insular subregion abnormalities are frequently observed in bipolar disorder.
  • The precise link between insular morphometric changes and BD pathogenesis remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate gray matter volume differences in insular subregions of patients with bipolar depression.
  • To explore the relationship between insular morphometry and the neural underpinnings of BD.

Main Methods:

  • Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was employed.
  • Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) using DARTEL was used to analyze regional gray matter volumes.
  • 27 patients with BD were compared to 27 age and sex-matched healthy controls.

Main Results:

  • Bipolar depression patients exhibited reduced gray matter volume in the right posterior insula and left ventral anterior insula.
  • Increased gray matter volume was observed in the left dorsal anterior insula of BD patients compared to controls.
  • These findings highlight specific insular subregion alterations in BD.

Conclusions:

  • The insular cortex plays a role in the neural substrates of bipolar depression.
  • Insular structural changes may contribute to the emotional-cognitive dysregulation seen in BD.
  • The study supports the theory of insular interference in BD pathogenesis.