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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications01:23

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

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Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...
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Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
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Asepsis is the practice of preventing or breaking the chain of infection. The nurse employs aseptic techniques to prevent the spread of microorganisms and reduce the risk of diseases. Hand hygiene is the cornerstone of aseptic techniques and is classified into medical and surgical asepsis. Medical asepsis includes hand hygiene and the use of gloves. Surgical asepsis, or the sterile technique, refers to practices that render and keep objects and areas free of microorganisms.
Hand washing...
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Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

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Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
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Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects01:12

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects

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While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
Once absorbed into the systemic circulation, local anesthetics can affect the organs that depend on the functioning of sodium...
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Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Author Spotlight: Establishing a Practical and Cost-Effective Protocol for Corneal Sensitivity Testing in Clinical Settings
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Contact sensitivity to topical medicaments.

C L Goh1

  • 1Contact Clinic, Middle Road Hospital, Singapore.

International Journal of Dermatology
|January 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Medicament sensitivity affects 22.5% of patients, increasing with age. Proflavine sensitivity was higher in men, while dermatitis commonly occurred on limbs, with facial involvement more frequent in women.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Allergology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Contact dermatitis is a common skin condition.
  • Medicament sensitivity is a significant concern in dermatology.
  • Understanding prevalence and risk factors is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of medicament sensitivity in patients patch tested.
  • To identify demographic and ethnic variations in sensitivity.
  • To pinpoint common allergens and affected body areas.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of patch test data from 1685 patients between 1985-1986.
  • Statistical analysis of prevalence rates based on age, sex, and ethnicity.
  • Identification of common sensitizing agents and dermatitis distribution.

Main Results:

  • Overall medicament sensitivity was 22.5%, with no significant difference between sexes.
  • Sensitivity significantly increased with age (p < 0.001), higher in those over 39.
  • Neomycin, proflavine, and clioquinol were common sensitizers; proflavine sensitivity was higher in men.
  • Dermatitis predominantly affected limbs; facial dermatitis was more common in women.

Conclusions:

  • Age is a significant factor in medicament sensitivity.
  • Specific allergens like proflavine show sex-based prevalence differences.
  • Limb and facial dermatitis patterns vary by sex, highlighting the need for targeted diagnosis.