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Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

40.4K
The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

10.3K
The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
10.3K
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

13.0K
Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Olfactory Behavioral Testing in the Adult Mouse
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Olfactory neuroblastoma behavior inside and outside the olfactory cleft.

Roger Jankowski1, Adrien Russel, Patrice Gallet

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University hospital of Nancy - Hospital of Brabois, Morvan street, 54511, Vandoeuvre les Nancy cedex, France.

Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy : SRA
|September 15, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) tumors arise in the olfactory cleft or ethmoidal labyrinth, with distinct extension patterns. Current staging systems may need revision based on this tumor behavior.

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) is a rare nasal malignancy.
  • Tumor origin and extension are critical for effective treatment planning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the development and local extension of olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB).
  • To describe tumor behavior within and beyond the olfactory cleft.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 13 ONB patients (2004-2014).
  • Detailed study of tumor site and extension using imaging (CT/MRI), surgical reports, and pathology.

Main Results:

  • Tumors originated in olfactory clefts (11 cases) or ethmoidal labyrinth (2 cases).
  • Olfactory cleft tumors extended to ethmoidal labyrinth before intracranial/orbital invasion.
  • Ethmoidal labyrinth tumors extended to frontal sinus or orbit.

Conclusions:

  • Anatomical and radiological descriptions reveal ONB's natural behavior.
  • Existing staging systems (Kadish, Dulguerov) may be inadequate.
  • Proposed staging modifications require prospective, multicenter validation.