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Updated: Apr 23, 2026

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Two-dimensional heterostructures: fabrication, characterization, and application.

Hong Wang1, Fucai Liu, Wei Fu

  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798. z.liu@ntu.edu.sg.

Nanoscale
|September 16, 2014
PubMed
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Artificial 2D heterostructures, combining materials like graphene and TMDs, offer novel properties and applications. This review covers their fabrication, characterization, and uses in emerging technologies.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Two-dimensional (2D) materials like graphene, hexagonal boron nitrides (hBN), and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) exhibit unique properties.
  • These materials are being integrated into lateral and vertical heterostructures, creating artificial layered systems.
  • 2D heterostructures unlock new functionalities beyond individual 2D materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in the field of 2D heterostructures.
  • To highlight progress in fabrication techniques for 2D heterostructures.
  • To discuss the characterization methods and diverse applications of these novel structures.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on 2D heterostructures.

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  • Synthesis and fabrication techniques for creating lateral and vertical 2D heterostructures.
  • Characterization methods including microscopy and spectroscopy.
  • Exploration of application areas.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant progress has been made in fabricating diverse 2D heterostructures.
    • Advanced characterization techniques enable detailed analysis of their properties.
    • Emerging applications span electronics, optoelectronics, and catalysis.

    Conclusions:

    • 2D heterostructures represent a rapidly evolving research area with vast potential.
    • Continued innovation in fabrication and characterization will drive new applications.
    • These artificial materials are poised to impact future technological advancements.