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Ocular changes during pregnancy.

Friederike Mackensen1, Wolfgang E Paulus, Regina Max

  • 1Interdisciplinary Uveitis Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Heidelberg, Institute of Reproductive Toxicology Ravensburg, Department of Internal Medicine V, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Freiburg i. Brsg.

Deutsches Arzteblatt International
|September 16, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Most eye conditions during pregnancy are manageable with standard treatments, even for nursing mothers. Always consult specialized databases for the latest drug safety information during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Ocular changes in pregnancy range from minor refractive shifts to serious conditions like hypertension-related retinal effects, indicative of pre-eclampsia.
  • Pregnancy can introduce uncertainty regarding the use of ophthalmic drugs and optimal delivery methods.
  • While most ocular changes are benign, some necessitate careful management and monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of ocular changes during pregnancy.
  • To provide guidance on the ophthalmological management of pregnant and lactating women.
  • To assess the safety and applicability of common ophthalmic treatments in this population.

Main Methods:

  • A selective literature search of Medline was conducted.
  • Guidelines from Germany and international sources were reviewed.
  • Drug safety information was sourced from Embryotox, Reprotox, the German Red List, and the US FDA.

Main Results:

  • Retinal changes occur in 40-100% of pregnant women with hypertension, correlating with pre-eclampsia severity.
  • Pre-existing retinal conditions worsen in 55% of pregnancies; diabetic women require pre- and during-pregnancy ocular exams.
  • Most ocular diseases are treatable in pregnant and nursing women with standard drugs, often off-label, with evidence from case series.

Conclusions:

  • Ophthalmological examinations and treatments are generally safe for pregnant and nursing women.
  • Consulting embryotox.de and reprotox.de is crucial for up-to-date drug treatment recommendations.
  • Pre-pregnancy ocular conditions do not influence the method of childbirth.