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Related Concept Videos

Functions of the Gut Microbiota01:18

Functions of the Gut Microbiota

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The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
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Probiotics01:22

Probiotics

286
Probiotics are live, non-pathogenic microorganisms that confer health benefits by modulating the gut microbiota. The human gastrointestinal tract harbors a complex microbial ecosystem, and the balance of this microbiota is crucial for digestive and systemic health. Among the most extensively studied and utilized probiotics are species formerly classified within the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. These organisms not only naturally colonize the human gut but are also consumed through...
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Microbiota of the Large Intestine01:27

Microbiota of the Large Intestine

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The large intestine hosts the most densely populated microbial ecosystem in the human body. This complex community primarily consists of anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as the predominant groups. The distribution of these microbes varies along different sections of the large intestine, influenced by local environmental factors such as oxygen availability and nutrient composition.The cecum, located at the beginning of the large...
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Introduction to the Human Microbiota01:22

Introduction to the Human Microbiota

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Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity,...
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Gut-Brain Axis01:22

Gut-Brain Axis

195
The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. This interaction is mediated through multiple pathways, including the vagus nerve, hormonal signals, immune responses, and chemical messengers produced by gut microbes.Microbial Contributions to Brain FunctionGut microbiota contributes significantly to brain function by producing neuroactive compounds. These include neuroactive compounds that influence neurotransmitters such...
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Microbiota of the Stomach and Small Intestine01:27

Microbiota of the Stomach and Small Intestine

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The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is characterized by distinct physicochemical conditions that shape its microbial communities. Among these, the stomach presents a particularly challenging environment for microbial colonization due to its highly acidic pH, ranging from 1 to 3. This extreme acidity effectively limits microbial density. However, certain acid-tolerant microorganisms are capable of surviving in this niche. Notably, Helicobacter pylori can colonize the gastric mucosa,...
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[Why could gut microbiota become a medication?].

P Bourlioux1, F Megerlin2, G Corthier3

  • 1Académie nationale de pharmacie, 4, avenue de l'Observatoire, 75270 Paris cedex 06, France; Microbiologie, faculté de pharmacie, université Paris-Sud, rue J.-B.-Clément, 92296 Chatenay-Malabry cedex, France.

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|September 16, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fecal microbiota transfer, a therapy restoring gut flora balance, shows established clinical benefits for certain conditions. Research is expanding to understand its full potential and address legal and ethical considerations for this novel treatment.

Keywords:
Flora transplantationGut microbiotaMedicationMicrobiote intestinalMédicamentSymbioseSymbiosisTherapeuticThérapeutiqueTransfert de flore

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The gut microbiota, a symbiotic bacterial community in the intestine, plays a crucial role in host health.
  • Disruptions in the gut microbiota-host cell communication are linked to various diseases.
  • The gut microbiota is increasingly recognized as a 'supra-organism' vital for physiological balance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To update knowledge on fecal microbiota transfer (FMT) as a therapeutic approach.
  • To explore the scientific, clinical, and ethical dimensions of FMT.
  • To highlight the need for intensified global research into gut microbiota and FMT.

Main Methods:

  • This paper is a didactic review, synthesizing current knowledge on gut microbiota and FMT.
  • It examines the established and emerging clinical applications of FMT.
  • It discusses the legal and ethical considerations surrounding fecal microbiota transplantation.

Main Results:

  • Fecal microbiota transfer has a well-established clinical benefit for at least one indication.
  • The precise mechanisms of FMT are still under investigation, but its efficacy is recognized.
  • FMT is being actively tested for numerous other conditions beyond its primary indication.

Conclusions:

  • Restoring gut microbiota balance through FMT is a promising therapeutic strategy.
  • Further research is essential to fully understand FMT's effects and optimize its application.
  • Addressing the legal and ethical aspects of FMT is crucial for its responsible implementation.