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Related Concept Videos

Hückel's Rule Diagram of π MOs: Frost Circle01:08

Hückel's Rule Diagram of π MOs: Frost Circle

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The Frost circle or the inscribed polygon method is a graphical method for determining the relative energies of π molecular orbitals (MOs) for planar, fully conjugated, and monocyclic compounds. This method was first described by A. A. Frost and Boris Musulin in 1953.
A Frost circle is constructed by drawing a polygon whose number of edges is equal to the number of carbons of the given cyclic system, with one of the vertices pointing down. Then, a circle is drawn enclosing the polygon so...
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When drugs are administered, they can elicit either an agonist or antagonist effect on the body. Agonism occurs when a drug activates a specific receptor, triggering a biological response. On the other hand, antagonism happens when a drug binds to the same receptors but blocks their activation, thereby preventing a biological response.
To quantify these effects, researchers use a dose-response curve, which provides valuable information about the potency and efficacy of a drug. Potency refers to...
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Fermi Level Dynamics01:12

Fermi Level Dynamics

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The vacuum level denotes the energy threshold required for an electron to escape from a material surface. It is usually positioned above the conduction band of a semiconductor and acts as a benchmark for comparing electron energies within various materials.
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The Phragmoplast01:59

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Cell division is essential for organismal growth and development. In animal cells, the central spindle and its associated proteins form the midbody, a structure that has an essential role in cytokinesis. In plants, the central spindle, along with the microtubules, actin, and other cell components, matures into the phragmoplast, which is necessary for cytokinesis. Unlike the stationary midbody, the phragmoplast expands centrifugally, eventually leading to the formation of the new cell wall.
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Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Analysis of Minerals Produced by hFOB 1.19 and Saos-2 Cells Using Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis
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Fragonomics: the -omics with real impact.

Edward R Zartler1

  • 1Quantum Tessera Consulting , Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States.

ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters
|September 16, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Fragonomics, the use of small molecules for drug discovery, is a key hit generation strategy. Its future lies in its continued evolution and integration into modern pharmaceutical research.

Area of Science:

  • Drug Discovery
  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Chemical Biology

Background:

  • Fragonomics utilizes small, simple molecules as foundational elements in drug discovery.
  • This approach is integral to the hit generation phase of developing new therapeutics.
  • The field has matured significantly, establishing itself as a core strategy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the current standing and future trajectory of Fragonomics in hit generation.
  • To discuss the evolving role of small molecule-based strategies in pharmaceutical research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current Fragonomics methodologies.
  • Analysis of trends in hit generation and early-stage drug discovery.
  • Discussion of potential future applications and advancements.

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Main Results:

  • Fragonomics is a well-established and major concept in hit generation.
  • The field is poised for continued growth and innovation.

Conclusions:

  • Fragonomics represents a vital and advancing area within drug discovery.
  • Its future integration with emerging technologies will likely enhance its impact.