Prosthodontic approach to treat obstructive sleep apnea

Area of Science:

• Sleep Medicine
• Respiratory Physiology
• Dental Sleep Medicine

Background:

• Sleep disordered breathing encompasses a spectrum from snoring to hypercapnic respiratory failure.
• Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a significant condition within this spectrum.
• Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a common treatment, but alternatives are sought.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the efficacy and suitability of oral appliances (OAs) for treating obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
• To evaluate the mechanism of action and patient-specific factors influencing OA therapy outcomes.

Main Methods:

• A comprehensive literature search was conducted, yielding 57 articles.
• Fifty articles were selected for the review based on scientific accuracy and evidence.
• The review focused on articles detailing the use and outcomes of oral appliances in OSA patients.

Main Results:

• Oral appliances are indicated for mild to moderate OSA, particularly for patients preferring them over CPAP or who have failed CPAP.
• OAs function by advancing the mandible, which enlarges the upper airway and improves its stability.
• While effective for some, OA suitability is not universal, with outcomes showing marked individual variability.

Conclusions:

• Oral appliance therapy for OSA demonstrates significant variability in individual patient response.
• Treatment outcomes are subjective and influenced by a balance between perceived benefits and experienced side effects.
• Further research may be needed to predict individual responses to oral appliance therapy for OSA.