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Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

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The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

1.7K
Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
1.7K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

1.9K
NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
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Atomic Radii and Effective Nuclear Charge03:08

Atomic Radii and Effective Nuclear Charge

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The elements in groups of the periodic table exhibit similar chemical behavior. This similarity occurs because the members of a group have the same number and distribution of electrons in their valence shells.
48.6K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

1.1K
In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Computation of Atmospheric Concentrations of Molecular Clusters from ab initio Thermochemistry
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Coupled-cluster computations of atomic nuclei.

G Hagen1, T Papenbrock, M Hjorth-Jensen

  • 1Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.

Reports on Progress in Physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)
|September 16, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Coupled-cluster theory is revitalizing nuclear physics, enabling accurate calculations for exotic nuclei. This method efficiently models both bound and unbound nuclei, advancing our understanding of nuclear matter.

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Physics
  • Quantum Many-Body Theory

Background:

  • Coupled-cluster (CC) theory has experienced significant advancements and applications in nuclear physics over the last decade.
  • The CC method is particularly effective for systems with product-state references and accurately describes weakly bound and unbound nuclei.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the technical and conceptual progress of coupled-cluster theory in nuclear physics.
  • To present results from coupled-cluster calculations on nucleonic matter and exotic isotopes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of coupled-cluster theory developments in nuclear physics.
  • Application of CC methods to calculations of nuclear matter and exotic isotopes (e.g., Helium, Oxygen, Calcium).

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of the efficiency and applicability of CC theory to neutron-rich and medium-mass nuclei.
  • Successful description of various properties of weakly bound and unbound nuclei using CC methods.

Conclusions:

  • Coupled-cluster theory is a powerful and increasingly vital tool in modern nuclear physics research.
  • CC calculations provide crucial insights into the structure and behavior of exotic nuclear systems and nucleonic matter.