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Functional significance of mononuclear phagocyte populations generated through adult hematopoiesis

Michael F Gutknecht1, Amy H Bouton2

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.

Journal of Leukocyte Biology
|September 17, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Resident tissue macrophages are established early and persist. Adult hematopoiesis produces nonresident mononuclear phagocytes that are recruited for tissue repair, inflammation resolution, and disease progression, showing plasticity in the tumor microenvironment.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Tissue homeostasis relies on functional macrophages, with resident populations often established during embryonic development and maintained via local proliferation.
  • Adult hematopoiesis generates circulating mononuclear phagocytes recruited to tissues for diverse functions, including repair, inflammation resolution, and disease modulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the differentiation, hierarchy, markers, and functions of nonresident monocyte/macrophage populations.
  • To explore the plasticity and roles of these mononuclear phagocytes within the tumor microenvironment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on mononuclear phagocyte biology.
  • Analysis of monocyte differentiation pathways and cell surface markers.
  • Examination of mononuclear phagocyte functions in homeostasis and disease, particularly in tumors.

Main Results:

  • Mononuclear phagocytes derived from adult hematopoiesis are recruited to tissues and exhibit significant functional plasticity.
  • Distinct cell populations within the mononuclear phagocyte lineage can be identified by specific markers.
  • These nonresident cells play critical roles in tissue repair, inflammation resolution, and disease progression.

Conclusions:

  • Nonresident mononuclear phagocytes are crucial for tissue repair and immune responses, with their functions significantly influenced by the microenvironment.
  • The plasticity of mononuclear phagocytes in the tumor microenvironment contributes to tumor progression and presents therapeutic targets.
Keywords:
MDSCmonocyte differentiationtumor microenvironment

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