Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Feedback Inhibition

Feedback Inhibition

Biochemical reactions are occurring constantly in cells, converting starting substances to different products, usually with the help of enzymes that speed the reactions. Without enzymes, it would take far too long for most reactions to occur to be useful to the cell!

Feedback Loops

Feedback Loops

In most cases, excessive hormone production is prevented by negative feedback—a loop that starts with a stimulus inducing the release of a particular substance, like a hormone, to maintain a certain level before triggering a signal that results in a decrease in further release of the hormone.

Internal Receptors

Internal Receptors

Many cellular signals are hydrophilic and therefore cannot pass through the plasma membrane. However, small or hydrophobic signaling molecules can cross the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane and bind to internal, or intracellular, receptors that reside within the cell. Many mammalian steroid hormones use this mechanism of cell signaling, as does nitric oxide (NO) gas.

Cross-reactivity

Cross-reactivity

Proofreading

Proofreading

What are Second Messengers?

What are Second Messengers?

Because many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic, they do not cross the cell membrane and thus their message must be relayed to a second messenger on the inside. There are several second messenger pathways, each with their own way of relaying information. G-protein coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol path is active when the receptor induces phospholipase C to hydrolyze the phospholipid,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Admission to intensive care: a matter of shared decision-making in the very old?

European geriatric medicine·2026

Same author

Vasopressors or Fluids in Early Septic Shock.

The New England journal of medicine·2026

Same author

Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus infective endocarditis: A case series and review of the literature.

International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases·2026

Same author

Socioeconomic disadvantage and sepsis survival in Australian intensive care units: A retrospective cohort study.

Australian critical care : official journal of the Confederation of Australian Critical Care Nurses·2026

Same author

Sustainable continuous renal replacement therapy: The influence of blood flow rates, effluent dose, autoeffluent, and citrate anticoagulation on carbon dioxide emissions.

Critical care and resuscitation : journal of the Australasian Academy of Critical Care Medicine·2026

Same author

A Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Intravenous Fluconazole in Adult Patients Undergoing Mechanical Circulatory Support Device Implantation.

Clinical pharmacokinetics·2025

Same journal

The authors reply.

Critical care medicine·2026

Same journal

Attracting Emergency Medicine Graduates to Surgical Critical Care Training Programs.

Critical care medicine·2026

Same journal

The authors reply.

Critical care medicine·2026

Same journal

Beyond a Snapshot: Tracking Family Prognostic Expectations in the ICU.

Critical care medicine·2026

Same journal

The authors reply.

Critical care medicine·2026

Same journal

Plasma Levels of Soluble ST2 Reflect Extrapulmonary Organ Dysfunction and Predict Outcomes in Acute Respiratory Failure: Beware of Potential Confounders.

Critical care medicine·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Analysis of Circadian Photoresponses in Drosophila Using Locomotor Activity

Analysis of Circadian Photoresponses in Drosophila Using Locomotor Activity

The authors reply

Andrew A Udy¹, Gavin M Joynt, Jeffrey Lipman

¹Burns, Trauma, and Critical Care Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia, and Department of Intensive Care and Hyperbaric Medicine, The Alfred Hospital, Victoria, Australia Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin NT, Hong Kong SAR, China Burns, Trauma, and Critical Care Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Queensland, Australia, and Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Queensland, Australia.

Critical Care Medicine

|September 17, 2014

Summary

No abstract available in PubMed .

More Related Videos

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Published on: January 29, 2018

Studying Aggression in Drosophila fruit flies

Studying Aggression in Drosophila fruit flies

Published on: February 25, 2007

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Analysis of Circadian Photoresponses in Drosophila Using Locomotor Activity

Analysis of Circadian Photoresponses in Drosophila Using Locomotor Activity

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Published on: January 29, 2018

Studying Aggression in Drosophila fruit flies

Studying Aggression in Drosophila fruit flies

Published on: February 25, 2007