Planetary geochemical investigations using Raman and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Area of Science:

• Planetary Science
• Geochemistry
• Spectroscopy

Background:

• The ChemCam instrument on the Mars Curiosity rover utilizes laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for remote chemical analysis.
• Future planetary missions require advanced geoanalytical tools for in-situ mineralogical and geochemical characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess the feasibility and utility of an integrated Raman spectroscopy and LIBS instrument (RLS) for planetary surface analysis.
• To adapt the ChemCam architecture for combined Raman and LIBS capabilities, enhancing analytical potential.

Main Methods:

• A prototype transmission spectrometer was integrated with a LIBS instrument, based on the ChemCam design.
• Raman and LIBS spectra were collected under simulated Martian and Venusian surface conditions using specialized high-pressure and high-temperature cells.
• A partial least squares calibration model was developed for major elements using LIBS data from Venus simulations.

Main Results:

• The prototype RLS instrument successfully recorded Raman spectra under simulated Martian and Venusian conditions.
• LIBS spectra acquired under Venusian conditions were used to develop a preliminary calibration model for major element analysis.
• The study demonstrates the technical viability of combining Raman and LIBS for comprehensive planetary geoanalysis.

Conclusions:

• An integrated Raman-LIBS spectrometer is a valuable and feasible geoanalytical tool for future planetary missions.
• This combined approach offers complementary mineralogical and chemical analysis capabilities, enhancing scientific return.
• The RLS instrument can serve as both a reconnaissance tool and a primary instrument for quantitative analysis on other worlds.