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Working Memory

Working Memory

Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment

Published on: September 20, 2020

Working memory training using EEG neurofeedback in normal young adults.

Shi Xiong¹, Chen Cheng¹, Xia Wu¹

¹College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.

Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering

|September 18, 2014

Summary

Intensive working memory (WM) training using electroencephalography (EEG) neurofeedback (NF) improved cognitive performance. Participants learned to regulate their theta-to-alpha power ratio, enhancing WM capacity significantly compared to controls.

Keywords:

Electroencephalography neurofeedback power spectrum self-regulation working memory

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Published on: August 24, 2017

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Psychology
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Working memory (WM) is crucial for cognitive functions.
Computerized training has shown potential for WM enhancement.
Electroencephalography (EEG) neurofeedback (NF) offers a novel approach to cognitive training.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the efficacy of EEG neurofeedback (NF) for improving working memory (WM) in healthy young adults.
To identify specific EEG features associated with WM tasks.
To test the hypothesis that up-regulating the theta-to-alpha power ratio enhances WM performance.

Main Methods:

Identified EEG features related to WM using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.
Developed an EEG neurofeedback (NF) protocol targeting the theta-to-alpha power ratio in the anterior-parietal region.
Compared WM performance changes in an experimental group receiving EEG NF with control groups.

Main Results:

The theta-to-alpha power ratio effectively distinguished WM tasks from control conditions.
Participants successfully learned to up-regulate their theta-to-alpha power ratio through EEG NF.
EEG NF led to significant improvements in WM performance, exceeding those in control groups.

Conclusions:

Learned regulation of the EEG theta-to-alpha power ratio via EEG NF can enhance working memory (WM) capacity.
EEG NF presents a promising avenue for cognitive enhancement interventions.
This study provides preliminary evidence for the effectiveness of EEG-based WM training.