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Multiple micronutrient needs in pregnancy in industrialized countries.

Francesca Parisi1, Arianna Laoreti, Irene Cetin

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Maternal nutrition is crucial for healthy pregnancies. Even in developed nations, inadequate intake of essential micronutrients like iron and vitamin D during pregnancy necessitates personalized supplementation strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Nutritional deficiencies during pregnancy are linked to adverse outcomes.
  • Micronutrient supplementation is standard in low- and middle-income countries.
  • Data on supplementation in developed countries are limited and conflicting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess micronutrient intake and supplementation status in pregnant women in developed countries.
  • To highlight the gap between recommended and actual intake of key vitamins and minerals.
  • To advocate for individualized nutritional assessment and supplementation strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent data on micronutrient intake during pregnancy in high-income countries.
  • Analysis of dietary patterns and supplementation practices.
  • Comparison of intake levels with established pregnancy requirements.

Main Results:

  • Despite dietary accessibility, high-fat diets lead to inadequate vitamin and mineral intake.
  • Micronutrient intake and supplementation are often below recommendations, even in high-income settings.
  • Specific deficiencies noted for iron, folic acid, calcium, and vitamin D.

Conclusions:

  • Routine population-level supplementation lacks strong evidence, except for periconceptional folate.
  • Individualized assessment is crucial to prevent deficiencies.
  • Personalized nutritional approaches considering individual differences are needed in industrialized nations.