Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

In- and Out-Groups01:31

In- and Out-Groups

28.5K
People all belong to a gender, race, age, and social economic group. These groups provide a powerful source of our identity and self-esteem (Tajfel & Turner, 1979) and serve as our in-groups. An in-group is a group that we identify with or see ourselves as belonging to.
28.5K
Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination02:55

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

77.7K
Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...
77.7K
Implicit Personality Theories01:23

Implicit Personality Theories

706
Implicit personality theory explains how individuals make assumptions about the relationships between personality traits, behaviors, and character types. When people learn that someone possesses a particular trait, they tend to infer the presence of other related characteristics, forming a cohesive impression. This cognitive shortcut plays a crucial role in social interactions and interpersonal judgments.Central Traits and Their InfluenceSolomon Asch's seminal 1946 study highlighted the power...
706
Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies02:09

Stereotype Threat and Self-fulfilling Prophecies

28.1K
When we hold a stereotype about a person, we have expectations that he or she will fulfill that stereotype. A self-fulfilling prophecy is an expectation held by a person that alters his or her behavior in a way that tends to make it true. When we hold stereotypes about a person, we tend to treat the person according to our expectations. This treatment can influence the person to act according to our stereotypic expectations, thus confirming our stereotypic beliefs. Research by Rosenthal and...
28.1K
Stereotype Content Model02:16

Stereotype Content Model

13.0K
The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) was first proposed by Susan Fiske and her colleagues (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick & Xu, 2002; see also Fiske, 2012 and Fiske, 2017). The SCM specifies that when someone encounters a new group, they will stereotype them based on two metrics: warmth—or that group’s perceived intent, and how likely they are to provide help or inflict harm—and competence—or their ability to carry out that objective. Depending on the warmth-competence...
13.0K
Fundamental Attribution Error01:14

Fundamental Attribution Error

12.8K
According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...
12.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Contact ruptures: How ecological shifts reshape intergroup contact and outgroup attitudes.

The American psychologist·2025
Same author

Primary and secondary generalization effects from Black and gay contact: Longitudinal evidence of between- and within-person effects.

The British journal of social psychology·2025
Same author

White Matter Microstructure Among Straight and Gay Cisgender Men, Sao Praphet Song, and Straight Cisgender Women in Thailand.

Human brain mapping·2025
Same author

Exogenous Hormone Use Among Transfeminine Individuals in Chiang Mai, Thailand.

Transgender health·2024
Same author

Robert (Bob) Anthony Altemeyer (1940-2024).

The American psychologist·2024
Same author

White matter microstructure in transmasculine and cisgender adolescents: A multiparametric and multivariate study.

PloS one·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses
06:42

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses

Published on: September 28, 2018

14.3K

Tapping generalized essentialism to predict outgroup prejudices.

Gordon Hodson1, Malvina N Skorska1

  • 1Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.

The British Journal of Social Psychology
|September 18, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Generalized essentialism, combining essentialistic entitativity and naturalness, significantly improves racism prediction. This approach offers a more robust understanding of prejudice than previous methods.

Keywords:
entitativityessentialismnatural kindsprejudice

More Related Videos

Post-Movie Subliminal Measurement PMSM, for Investigating Implicit Social Bias
09:03

Post-Movie Subliminal Measurement PMSM, for Investigating Implicit Social Bias

Published on: February 29, 2020

5.5K
Measuring Attentional Biases for Threat in Children and Adults
08:25

Measuring Attentional Biases for Threat in Children and Adults

Published on: October 19, 2014

17.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses
06:42

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses

Published on: September 28, 2018

14.3K
Post-Movie Subliminal Measurement PMSM, for Investigating Implicit Social Bias
09:03

Post-Movie Subliminal Measurement PMSM, for Investigating Implicit Social Bias

Published on: February 29, 2020

5.5K
Measuring Attentional Biases for Threat in Children and Adults
08:25

Measuring Attentional Biases for Threat in Children and Adults

Published on: October 19, 2014

17.3K

Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Attitude Research
  • Prejudice Studies

Background:

  • Psychological essentialism, the belief in inherent group properties, is linked to prejudice.
  • Essentialism comprises two dimensions: entitativity (EE) and naturalness (EN).
  • Previous research often treated EE and EN separately or in opposition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether the shared variance between EE and EN, termed generalized essentialism, enhances prejudice prediction.
  • To compare the predictive power of generalized essentialism against traditional regression approaches.
  • To examine the specificity of this effect across different target groups.

Main Methods:

  • Re-analysis of existing data (Study 1) and collection of new data (Study 2).
  • Statistical modeling to capture the covariance between EE and EN.
  • Regression analyses to predict racism, anti-gay, and anti-schizophrenic prejudices.

Main Results:

  • Generalized essentialism, reflecting shared variance, doubled the predictive power for racism.
  • This enhanced prediction was not observed for anti-gay or anti-schizophrenic prejudices.
  • The findings highlight the importance of considering the interplay between essentialist dimensions.

Conclusions:

  • The common variance of essentialistic entitativity and naturalness is a potent predictor of racism.
  • Generalized essentialism offers a more powerful framework for understanding specific forms of prejudice.
  • Future research should explore the nuances of generalized essentialism across diverse prejudice targets.