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Clinical profile and outcome of clinical BCG disease in infants

C K Indumathi1, Priyadarashini M Kowtal, R N Poornima

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India. Correspondence to: Dr CK Indumathi, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, St John's Medical College Hospital, Sarjapur Road, Bangalore 560 034, Karnataka, India. ckindumathi@gmail.com.

Indian Pediatrics
|September 18, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Most infants diagnosed with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) disease experience localized or regional symptoms. Disseminated BCG disease is rare, with few cases requiring advanced treatment, and no mortality was observed in this study.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology
  • Mycobacterial Infections

Background:

  • Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination is widely used for tuberculosis prevention.
  • BCG disease can occur as a rare complication following vaccination.
  • Understanding the clinical spectrum of BCG disease in infants is crucial for timely diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the clinical presentation of BCG disease in infants.
  • To assess the immunological status and treatment outcomes in affected infants.
  • To identify risk factors and patterns associated with BCG disease progression.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective follow-up study of infants diagnosed with BCG disease over 17 months.
  • Clinical data collection included disease manifestation (local/regional vs. distant/disseminated).
  • Immunological assessment and treatment responses were documented.

Main Results:

  • Twenty-five infants were diagnosed with BCG disease.
  • The majority (19/25) presented with local or regional involvement.
  • Six infants had suspected or confirmed distant/disseminated disease; two required second-line anti-tubercular therapy. One infant with disseminated disease had Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) R1 receptor deficiency. No mortality was reported.

Conclusions:

  • BCG disease in infants predominantly manifests as local or regional infections.
  • Disseminated BCG disease is uncommon but may necessitate advanced treatment.
  • Rare immunological deficiencies, such as IFN-γ R1 receptor deficiency, can be associated with severe BCG disease.
Abstract

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