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Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and childhood allergic diseases: a systematic review

Rashmi R Das1, Sushree S Naik

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India.

Pediatric Allergy and Immunology : Official Publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
|September 18, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (NNH) and neonatal phototherapy (NPT) significantly increase the risk of childhood allergic diseases like asthma and allergic rhinitis. This low-quality evidence highlights the need for further research into the underlying causes.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Allergology
  • Neonatology

Background:

  • Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (NNH) and neonatal phototherapy (NPT) are common in newborns.
  • A potential link between NNH/NPT and the development of childhood allergic diseases has been suggested.
  • Updated evidence is needed to clarify this association and guide future research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and synthesize current evidence on the association between NNH/NPT and childhood allergic diseases.
  • To provide direction for future research in this area.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted.
  • Observational studies involving children up to 12 years of age were included.
  • Data were extracted using a standardized form, and analysis was performed using RevMan 5.2.

Main Results:

  • Seven good-quality studies (n=101,499) were included.
  • NNH was significantly associated with increased odds of asthma (OR 4.26) and allergic rhinitis (OR 5.37).
  • NPT was also significantly associated with increased odds of asthma (OR 3.81) and allergic rhinitis (OR 3.04).
  • Low-quality GRADE evidence was generated due to the inclusion of observational studies.

Conclusions:

  • Current evidence indicates a significant association between NNH/NPT and an increased risk of childhood allergic diseases.
  • The low quality of evidence necessitates further investigation.
  • Future research should focus on elucidating the pathophysiological mechanisms linking NNH/NPT to allergic conditions.

Keywords:
Th-1Th-2allergic rhinitisasthmaatopybilirubinicterusphototherapy

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