Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Genetic Screens02:46

Genetic Screens

4.6K
Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing  genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
Forward genetic screens
Forward or “classical” genetic screens involve creating random mutations in an organism’s DNA using radiation, mutagens, or insertion of additional bases, which...
4.6K
Pharmacokinetic Models: Comparison and Selection Criterion01:26

Pharmacokinetic Models: Comparison and Selection Criterion

482
Physiological and compartmental models are valuable tools used in studying biological systems. These models rely on differential equations to maintain mass balance within the system, ensuring an accurate representation of the dynamic processes at play.
Physiological models take a detailed approach by considering specific molecular processes. They can predict drug distribution, metabolism, and elimination changes, providing a comprehensive understanding of how drugs interact with the body.
482
Genetic Variation01:25

Genetic Variation

1.6K
Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
Genes exist in different versions called alleles,...
1.6K
What is Genetic Engineering?00:49

What is Genetic Engineering?

70.2K
Overview
70.2K
Incomplete Dominance01:43

Incomplete Dominance

18.8K
Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.
18.8K
Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

20.1K
When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
20.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Probing the diversity in dairy cattle reticulorumen temperature for adaptation selection.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Detecting heat shock protein 70 in milk, blood, and saliva of dairy cows exposed to different seasonal conditions.

Journal of dairy science·2026
Same author

Skimming and storage factors affect the detection of heat shock protein 70 in raw bovine milk.

JDS communications·2026
Same author

The impact of rainfall on beef cattle growth across diverse climate zones.

Animal : an international journal of animal bioscience·2024
Same author

Peri-parturient ewe mortality in commercial, southern Australian, non-Merino ewe flocks: establishing the frequency and investigating causes.

Australian veterinary journal·2024
Same author

Milk consumption and behavior of calves in automated calf feeders as early indicators of weaning liveweight.

JDS communications·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Protocol for Assessing the Relative Effects of Environment and Genetics on Antler and Body Growth for a Long-lived Cervid
09:09

Protocol for Assessing the Relative Effects of Environment and Genetics on Antler and Body Growth for a Long-lived Cervid

Published on: August 8, 2017

6.8K

Selecting an appropriate genetic evaluation model for selection in a developing dairy sector.

D M McGill1, H A Mulder2, P C Thomson3

  • 11School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences,Charles Sturt University,Wagga Wagga,NSW 2650,Australia.

Animal : an International Journal of Animal Bioscience
|September 19, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Identifying optimal genetic evaluation models (GEM) for cattle milk production is crucial with limited data. The study found that estimating genetic parameters and using an animal model are generally superior for selection, though a repeatability model suits the Pakistani context.

More Related Videos

A Protocol for Using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis to Identify the Appropriate Animal Model for Translational Research
09:35

A Protocol for Using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis to Identify the Appropriate Animal Model for Translational Research

Published on: August 16, 2017

16.6K
An Efficient Single—Person Technique for Milk Sampling from Laboratory Mice
04:56

An Efficient Single—Person Technique for Milk Sampling from Laboratory Mice

Published on: March 28, 2025

1.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Protocol for Assessing the Relative Effects of Environment and Genetics on Antler and Body Growth for a Long-lived Cervid
09:09

Protocol for Assessing the Relative Effects of Environment and Genetics on Antler and Body Growth for a Long-lived Cervid

Published on: August 8, 2017

6.8K
A Protocol for Using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis to Identify the Appropriate Animal Model for Translational Research
09:35

A Protocol for Using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis to Identify the Appropriate Animal Model for Translational Research

Published on: August 16, 2017

16.6K
An Efficient Single—Person Technique for Milk Sampling from Laboratory Mice
04:56

An Efficient Single—Person Technique for Milk Sampling from Laboratory Mice

Published on: March 28, 2025

1.9K

Area of Science:

  • Animal Breeding and Genetics
  • Quantitative Genetics
  • Dairy Science

Background:

  • Accurate genetic evaluation models (GEM) are essential for effective cattle selection, especially when data is limited.
  • The Pakistani Sahiwal progeny testing program provides a dataset with historical lactation records for evaluating different GEMs.
  • Limited data scenarios pose challenges for selecting the most predictive genetic evaluation models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the most accurate genetic evaluation models (GEM) for cattle milk production selection under limited data conditions.
  • To compare various GEMs, including multivariate vs. repeatability, animal vs. sire, and different fixed effects models.
  • To evaluate the impact of fixing versus estimating genetic parameters within the model fitting process.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of different genetic evaluation models (GEM) using simulated and actual Australian herd-recorded data.
  • Simulation method involved comparing estimated breeding values with true breeding values.
  • Cross-validation technique applied to Australian data subsets mimicking Pakistani herd size and number.

Main Results:

  • The multivariate animal model with fixed genetic parameters showed general superiority based on simulation and cross-validation.
  • Determining optimal fixed genetic parameter values presented challenges.
  • Discrepancies observed between simulation (simplest fixed effects superior) and cross-validation (complex fixed effects superior) results.
  • The animal model outperformed the sire model, and the repeatability model was more suitable than the multivariate model for the Pakistani context.

Conclusions:

  • No single genetic evaluation model (GEM) is universally optimal for all limited datasets.
  • Estimating genetic parameters is recommended over fixing them for selection purposes.
  • The animal model is generally superior to the sire model for genetic evaluation.
  • The repeatability model is more appropriate than the multivariate model in the specific Pakistani context.