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Irritable bowel syndrome: a clinical review
1Rosa LS Soares, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Federal Fluminense University, Rio de Janeiro 24030-210, Brazil.
World Journal of Gastroenterology
|September 19, 2014
Summary
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder impacting quality of life. Current diagnosis relies on symptom criteria like the Rome criteria, as specific biomarkers are not yet available.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Internal Medicine
- Clinical Research
Background:
- Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent gastrointestinal condition, frequently leading to specialist referrals.
- It significantly affects patient quality of life and healthcare resource utilization.
- The prevalence of IBS varies globally, influenced by diagnostic criteria.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, and current/emerging therapies for IBS.
- To highlight the accepted biopsychosocial model for IBS etiology.
- To discuss the limitations of current diagnostic methods and future potential biomarkers.
Main Methods:
- Literature review summarizing existing knowledge on IBS.
- Analysis of current diagnostic standards, including Rome criteria.
- Overview of non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic management strategies.
Main Results:
- The biopsychosocial model, integrating psychological, behavioral, and environmental factors, is the leading theory for IBS.
- Diagnosis is primarily symptom-based using criteria like Rome III; specific biomarkers for routine diagnosis are not yet established.
- Management focuses on symptom control through non-pharmacologic approaches (diet, stress reduction) and pharmacologic treatments, emphasizing patient-physician relationships.
Conclusions:
- IBS diagnosis remains clinical, relying on symptom-based criteria.
- While no definitive biomarkers exist, ongoing research shows potential for future diagnostic support.
- Effective IBS management involves a combination of lifestyle modifications, symptom-targeted therapies, and strong patient-physician communication.
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