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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
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Somatic complaints in frontotemporal dementia.

Maria Landqvist Waldö1, Alexander Frizell Santillo2, Lars Gustafson1

  • 1Section of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Klinikgatan 22, Lund SE-221 85, Sweden.

American Journal of Neurodegenerative Disease
|September 19, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Many frontotemporal dementia (FTD) patients experience unexplained somatic complaints, such as pain or gastrointestinal issues. These symptoms, found in over 40%, lack clear links to brain pathology or depression.

Keywords:
Frontotemporal dementiadepressive moodneuropathologypainsensory disturbancessomatic complaintssuicidal behavior

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) presents with diverse clinical features.
  • Unexplained somatic complaints are common but poorly understood in FTD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of unexplained somatic complaints in neuropathologically verified FTD.
  • To investigate correlations between somatic presentations, protein/regional brain pathology, and depressive traits in FTD patients.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of medical records from 97 neuropathologically verified FTD patients.
  • Systematic review focusing on somatic complaints (headache, musculoskeletal, pain response) and depressive traits.
  • Correlation analysis with neuropathological findings (protein, regional, hemispheric atrophy).

Main Results:

  • Somatic symptoms were present in 40.2% of FTD patients.
  • No significant differences in demographics or disease duration were observed between patients with and without somatic complaints.
  • Depressive traits (38%) and suicidal behavior (17%) were noted, but did not correlate with somatic complaints.
  • No clear correlation found between somatic complaints and specific protein pathology, regional degeneration, or hemispheric atrophy.

Conclusions:

  • Unexplained somatic complaints are frequent in FTD and require clinical consideration.
  • Current diagnostic criteria for FTD do not encompass these somatic features.
  • Further prospective studies with neuropathological correlation are needed to understand these unexplained phenomena.