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Caesarean section and hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus infection: a population-based study

Kim Kristensen1, Niels Fisker, Ann Haerskjold

  • 1From the *Pediatric Department, University Hospital Naestved; †Pediatric Department, University Hospital Hillerød, Hillerød; ‡Pediatric Department, H.C. Andersen Children's Hospital, University Hospital Odense, Odense; §Department for Research in Women and Children, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen Ø; ¶Coraxo Consulting, Virum, Denmark; ‖Department of Pediatrics, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine; **Center for Global Health and Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO; and ††Pediatric Department, University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 København Ø, Denmark.

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
|September 19, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Children born via caesarean section (CS) face a higher risk of hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) illness. This increased risk, particularly for elective CS, persists for at least the first two years of life.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Obstetrics

Background:

  • Hospitalizations for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and asthma share common risk factors.
  • Previous research suggests a link between caesarean section (CS) birth and increased asthma risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between caesarean section (CS) delivery and the risk of hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in infants.
  • To determine if the mode of delivery influences subsequent RSV-related hospitalizations.

Main Methods:

  • Population-based national register study in Denmark (1997-2003).
  • Included all infants and RSV hospitalizations from birth to 23 months.
  • Used Cox regression, adjusting for multiple factors including prematurity, birthweight, and maternal smoking.

Main Results:

  • Adjusted hazard ratios for RSV hospitalization were 1.09 for acute CS and 1.27 for elective CS.
  • Elective CS showed a consistent increased risk throughout the first two years.
  • Acute CS risk was primarily observed in the second year of life.

Conclusions:

  • Caesarean section delivery is associated with an elevated risk of hospitalization for RSV infection.
  • This association persists for at least the first two years of a child's life.
Abstract

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