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Imaging concussion: a review.

Esther L Yuh1, Gregory W J Hawryluk, Geoffrey T Manley

  • 1‡Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center, San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, San Francisco, California; §Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; ¶Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; ‖Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.

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Advanced neuroimaging techniques show promise for diagnosing and predicting outcomes in concussion, also known as mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). These methods may reveal subtle brain changes missed by conventional scans, improving patient care.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Radiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Concussion (mild traumatic brain injury/mTBI) is a major public health concern.
  • Persistent post-concussion symptoms may stem from subtle structural or metabolic brain alterations.
  • Conventional neuroimaging often appears normal despite ongoing symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advanced neuroimaging techniques for concussion/mTBI diagnosis and outcome prediction.
  • To highlight the potential of novel imaging methods in understanding concussion pathophysiology.
  • To discuss the evolving role of neuroimaging in concussion management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of advanced neuroimaging modalities.
  • Inclusion of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).
  • Inclusion of functional MRI (fMRI) (task-based and resting-state).
  • Inclusion of positron emission tomography (PET).
  • Inclusion of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).
  • Inclusion of perfusion imaging.

Main Results:

  • Advanced neuroimaging techniques offer potential for detecting abnormalities not visible with conventional methods.
  • These techniques may help refine diagnosis and predict patient outcomes after concussion/mTBI.
  • Further validation in large prospective studies is required.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced neuroimaging techniques are crucial for advancing the understanding of concussion/mTBI.
  • These methods are expected to improve the definition of pathoanatomic lesions.
  • Continued progress in neuroimaging will enhance prognosis and symptom correlation for concussion patients.