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Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Flash Infrared Annealing for Perovskite Solar Cell Processing
Published on: February 3, 2021
Hole-transporting small molecules based on thiophene cores for high efficiency perovskite solar cells
Hairong Li1, Kunwu Fu, Pablo P Boix
1Energy Research Institute @ NTU (ERI@N), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 637553.
Abstract:
Two new electron-rich molecules, 2,3,4,5-tetra[4,4'-bis(methoxyphenyl)aminophen-4"-yl]-thiophene (H111) and 4,4',5,5'-tetra[4,4'-bis(methoxyphenyl)aminophen-4"-yl]-2,2'-bithiophene (H112), which contain thiophene cores with arylamine side groups, are reported. When used as the hole-transporting material (HTM) in perovskite-based solar cell devices, power conversion efficiencies of up to 15.4% under AM 1.5G solar simulation were obtained. This is the highest efficiency achieved with HTMs not composed of 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N,N'-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD) and its isomers. Both HTMs, especially H111, have great potential to replace expensive spiro-OMeTAD given their much simpler and less expensive syntheses.
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