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Related Concept Videos

Coagulation01:06

Coagulation

1.5K
Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...
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Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Electrodeposition01:08

Electrodeposition

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Electrodeposition is a technique used to separate an analyte from interferents by electrochemical processes. Here, the analyte is a metal ion that can be deposited on an electrode immersed in the sample solution. The electrochemical setup consists of an anode and a cathode. When an electric current is applied to the setup, oxidation occurs at the anode. At the cathode, which consists of a large metal surface, metal ions undergo reduction and deposit onto the surface.
Electrodeposition can...
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Precipitation and Co-precipitation01:17

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

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Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
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Preparation of Samples for Electron Microscopy01:20

Preparation of Samples for Electron Microscopy

6.4K
To be visualized by an electron microscope, either transmission or scanning, biological samples need to be fixed (stabilized) so the electron beam does not destroy them and dried thoroughly (desiccated/dehydrated) so the vacuum does not affect them. Fixation needs to be done as quickly as possible because the sample properties will start changing as soon as it is removed from its natural environment. For example, in a tissue sample, the oxygen levels begin decreasing, causing an altered...
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Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications01:30

Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications

1.9K
Capillary electrophoretic separations offer various modes, each with unique applications. These modes include capillary zone electrophoresis, capillary gel electrophoresis, capillary array electrophoresis, capillary isoelectric focusing, capillary isotachophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, and capillary electrochromatography.
Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) separates ionic components based on their electrophoretic mobility. It has been used to separate proteins, amino acids,...
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A Dual-Functional Electroactive Filter Towards Simultaneously SbIII Oxidation and Sequestration
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Electrocoagulation of colloidal biogenic selenium.

Lucian C Staicu1, Eric D van Hullebusch, Piet N L Lens

  • 1Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, 2601 DA, Delft, The Netherlands.

Environmental Science and Pollution Research International
|September 20, 2014
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Electrocoagulation effectively removes colloidal elemental selenium (Se(0)) from water. Iron electrodes are superior to aluminum for Se(0) removal, yielding safer sediment and higher removal efficiencies.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Water Treatment Technologies
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Colloidal elemental selenium (Se(0)) poses risks to membrane separation processes and aquatic ecosystems.
  • Limited gravitational settling of Se(0) necessitates advanced removal techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of electrocoagulation for removing colloidal Se(0).
  • To compare the performance of iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) electrodes in Se(0) removal via electrocoagulation.

Main Methods:

  • Production of colloidal Se(0) using Pseudomonas fluorescens.
  • Application of electrocoagulation with sacrificial Fe and Al electrodes in a batch reactor under galvanostatic conditions.
  • Assessment of turbidity removal, Se concentration reduction, sediment characteristics, and toxicity using TCLP and electron scanning micrographs.

Main Results:

  • Iron electrodes achieved 97% turbidity removal at 200 mA, while aluminum required 300 mA for 96% removal.
  • Fe electrodes resulted in 93% Se concentration removal, significantly higher than Al electrodes (54%).
  • Fe-Se sediment passed TCLP tests, whereas Al-Se sediment exceeded Se limits by 20 times, indicating lower toxicity and better structure for Fe-Se sediment.

Conclusions:

  • Electrocoagulation using iron electrodes is a more effective and safer method for the electrochemical sedimentation of colloidal Se(0) compared to aluminum electrodes.
  • The mineralogical nature and reticular structure of Fe-Se sediment contribute to its stability and lower leachability.