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Related Concept Videos

Standing Waves01:17

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Sometimes waves do not seem to move; rather, they just vibrate in place. Unmoving waves can be seen on the surface of a glass of milk kept in a refrigerator, which is one example of standing waves. Vibrations from the refrigerator motor create waves on the milk that oscillate up and down but do not seem to move across the surface. These waves are formed or created by the superposition of two or more identical moving waves in opposite directions. The waves move through each other, with their...
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Sound Waves: Interference00:53

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Sound waves can be modeled either as longitudinal waves, wherein the molecules of the medium oscillate around an equilibrium position, or as pressure waves. When two identical waves from the same source superimpose on each other, the combination of two crests or two troughs results in amplitude reinforcement known as constructive interference. If two identical waves, that are initially in phase, become out of phase because of different path lengths, the combination of crests with troughs...
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Graphical and Analytic Representation of Sinusoids01:20

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Analyzing two sinusoidal voltages with equal amplitude and period but different phases on an oscilloscope, an instrument used to display and analyze waveforms, involves a three-step process.
The first step is measuring the peak-to-peak value, which is twice the amplitude of the sinusoid. This provides information about the maximum voltage swing of the waveform.
Secondly, the period and angular frequency are determined. The period is the time taken for one complete cycle of the waveform, while...
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Sinusoidal Sources01:18

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Direct current (DC) refers to an electric current that flows in a single direction, maintaining a constant polarity. This is in contrast to alternating current (AC), which periodically changes its direction and magnitude. AC forms the backbone of modern electricity transmission and distribution systems due to its efficient long-distance transmission capabilities.
In homes, the power supplies use sinusoidal sources to provide electricity. These sources generate a voltage that varies sinusoidally...
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Modes of Standing Waves - I01:03

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A close look at earthquakes provides evidence for the conditions appropriate for resonance, standing waves, and constructive and destructive interference. A building may vibrate for several seconds with a driving frequency matching the building's natural frequency of vibration; this produces a resonance that results in one building collapsing while the neighboring buildings do not. Often, buildings of a certain height are devastated, while other taller buildings remain intact. This...
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Sound Waves01:01

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Sound waves can be thought of as fluctuations in the pressure of a medium through which they propagate. Since the pressure also makes the medium's particles vibrate along its direction of motion, the waves can be modeled as the displacement of the medium's particles from their mean position.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Microparticle Manipulation by Standing Surface Acoustic Waves with Dual-frequency Excitations
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Producing undistorted acoustic sine waves.

Henri Boutin1, John Smith1, Joe Wolfe1

  • 1School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|September 20, 2014
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a digital method to create pure sine waves, even with distorted audio equipment. The technique iteratively cancels distortion, achieving high-fidelity sound reproduction at low frequencies and high power.

Area of Science:

  • Acoustics
  • Digital Signal Processing
  • Audio Engineering

Background:

  • Amplifiers and loudspeakers often introduce significant harmonic distortion, especially at low frequencies and high power outputs.
  • Accurate sine wave generation is crucial for audio testing, calibration, and sound reproduction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a simple digital method for producing undistorted acoustic sine waves.
  • To overcome the limitations of intrinsically distorted audio equipment.

Main Methods:

  • A pure sine wave is used as input, and its distortion products are measured.
  • An iterative process is employed to add corrective harmonics with precise amplitude and phase.
  • These added harmonics are designed to cancel the existing distortion products.

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Main Results:

  • The method successfully generated a pure 52 Hz sine wave at 107 dB sound pressure level.
  • Harmonic distortion was reduced by over 65 dB below the fundamental frequency across the audible range.
  • This demonstrates effective cancellation of distortion in a challenging audio scenario.

Conclusions:

  • A practical digital technique effectively eliminates amplifier and loudspeaker distortion.
  • High-fidelity, low-frequency sine wave generation is achievable even with imperfect audio hardware.
  • This method offers a valuable tool for accurate audio signal generation and reproduction.