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Cell polarity is the asymmetric distribution of cellular and membrane components, making one side of the cell different from the other. This polarity is essential to many processes such as embryogenesis, axon migration, glucose transport across epithelial cells, and directional cell migration. A migrating cell responds to intracellular or extracellular signals via molecular cascades that reorganize the actin cytoskeleton to establish this polarity. In these cells, the Rho family proteins Cdc42,...
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Insight into planar cell polarity.

Michael Sebbagh1, Jean-Paul Borg1

  • 1CRCM, "Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer", Inserm, U1068, Marseille F-13009, France; Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille F-13009, France; CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille F-13009, France; Aix-Marseille University, F-13284 Marseille, France.

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Planar cell polarity (PCP) guides tissue development, but its molecular mechanisms are unclear. This review highlights PCP

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Planar cell polarity (PCP) describes uniform cellular orientation within a tissue plane, crucial for organism development.
  • PCP dysfunction is implicated in diseases like cancer and developmental abnormalities.
  • The molecular underpinnings of PCP establishment and maintenance are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding of planar cell polarity (PCP) in invertebrates and vertebrates.
  • To highlight conserved and divergent mechanisms of PCP.
  • To discuss key pathways and emerging factors in PCP.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of invertebrate and vertebrate PCP research.
  • Analysis of molecular signaling pathways involved in PCP.
  • Examination of recent findings on cell contractility and cilia in PCP.

Main Results:

  • PCP establishes directional cues essential for tissue integration and organismal development.
  • Non-canonical Wnt signaling is a central pathway in PCP.
  • Cell contractility and cilia are identified as important factors in PCP.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding PCP molecular mechanisms is critical for addressing associated pathologies.
  • Non-canonical Wnt signaling plays a key role in PCP.
  • Cell contractility and cilia represent promising future research directions for PCP.