The expanding view of RNA and DNA function

Area of Science:

• Chemical Biology
• Molecular Biology
• Biochemistry

Background:

• Ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are fundamental polymers composed of four primary subunits.
• Despite their simple structure, nucleic acids exhibit a vast array of functions in biological systems and laboratory settings.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight recent discoveries in nucleic acid function over the past two decades.
• To focus on findings particularly relevant to the field of chemical biology.
• To emphasize the expanding scope of nucleic acid applications.

Main Methods:

• This perspective reviews significant advancements and discoveries in nucleic acid research.
• It synthesizes findings from the past 20 years, emphasizing chemical biology applications.
• No specific experimental methods are detailed; it is a review and perspective piece.

Main Results:

• Numerous new functions for natural and engineered nucleic acids have been identified.
• Previous understandings of nucleic acid capabilities were too limited.
• Exciting future discoveries in nucleic acid function are anticipated.

Conclusions:

• The functional repertoire of nucleic acids is far broader than previously assumed.
• Chemical biology plays a crucial role in discovering, creating, and manipulating nucleic acid functions.
• Continued exploration promises significant advancements in the field.