Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Evolution of Microbial Genome01:08

Evolution of Microbial Genome

87
Microbial genome evolution is a highly dynamic process shaped by continual gene gain and loss across species and strains. This genomic flexibility allows microorganisms to adapt rapidly to environmental pressures and interactions with other organisms. Central to understanding this diversity is the distinction between the core and pan genomes.The core genome comprises the genes shared by all sampled strains of a species, representing essential functions needed for fundamental cellular processes.
87
Multi-species Conserved Sequences02:51

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

3.3K
Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved...
3.3K
Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes00:46

Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes

42.3K
The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
Genomic Diversity in Bacteria
Although bacterial genomes are much...
42.3K
Cytoskeletal Proteins in Bacteria01:29

Cytoskeletal Proteins in Bacteria

3.4K
Bacterial cells were initially considered simple, randomly organized structures lacking a cytoskeleton. However, the discovery of cytoskeleton homologs in bacteria led to the change of this opinion. Bacterial cytoskeletal filaments regulate the cell shape, cell polarity, cell division, and partitioning of plasmids during cell division. It was later discovered that bacterial cytoskeletal proteins, mainly actin and tubulin homologs, are diverse compared to their eukaryotic counterparts. On the...
3.4K
Prokaryotic Gene Structure and Organization01:28

Prokaryotic Gene Structure and Organization

2.8K
Prokaryotic genomes exhibit a streamlined organization of coding and non-coding regions essential for gene expression and protein synthesis. While coding regions contain the genetic instructions for proteins or functional RNAs, non-coding regions regulate the precise transcription and translation of these genes.Coding Regions: Proteins and RNAsThe primary coding regions, known as structural genes, include sequences transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) and ultimately translated into...
2.8K
Coordination of Gene Expression Processes in Bacteria01:29

Coordination of Gene Expression Processes in Bacteria

1.1K
The DNA replication, transcription, and translation processes are intricately coupled in bacteria, allowing efficient gene expression and rapid protein synthesis. While this physical and functional coordination is advantageous, it introduces challenges that bacteria overcome through specific regulatory mechanisms.Coupling of Replication, Transcription, and TranslationThe coupling of replication, transcription, and translation is a hallmark of bacterial gene expression. As the replisome unwinds...
1.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Characterizing the ecological niche of insertion sequences within prokaryotic genomes.

The ISME journal·2026
Same author

Dynamic quinone repertoire accompanied the diversification of energy metabolism in Pseudomonadota.

The ISME journal·2024
Same author

DciA secures bidirectional replication initiation in Vibrio cholerae.

Nucleic acids research·2024
Same author

DNA supercoiling in bacteria: state of play and challenges from a viewpoint of physics based modeling.

Frontiers in microbiology·2023
Same author

Diversification of Ubiquinone Biosynthesis via Gene Duplications, Transfers, Losses, and Parallel Evolution.

Molecular biology and evolution·2023
Same author

Assessing in vivo the impact of gene context on transcription through DNA supercoiling.

Nucleic acids research·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Mapping Bacterial Functional Networks and Pathways in Escherichia Coli using Synthetic Genetic Arrays
14:06

Mapping Bacterial Functional Networks and Pathways in Escherichia Coli using Synthetic Genetic Arrays

Published on: November 12, 2012

46.1K

Conserved patterns in bacterial genomes: a conundrum physically tailored by evolutionary tinkering.

Ivan Junier1

  • 1Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.

Computational Biology and Chemistry
|September 21, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Bacterial genome organization is shaped by physical forces across multiple scales, from protein folding to chromosomal structure. Understanding these conserved patterns reveals evolutionary insights into bacterial complexity.

Keywords:
Chromosome structuringCo-evolution of amino acidsEvolutionary genomicsGene clusteringIntegrated functioningOrganization of bacterial genomes

More Related Videos

Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations
08:03

Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations

Published on: December 7, 2021

2.1K
Live Cell Imaging of Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus pneumoniae using Automated Time-lapse Microscopy
07:31

Live Cell Imaging of Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus pneumoniae using Automated Time-lapse Microscopy

Published on: July 28, 2011

45.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Mapping Bacterial Functional Networks and Pathways in Escherichia Coli using Synthetic Genetic Arrays
14:06

Mapping Bacterial Functional Networks and Pathways in Escherichia Coli using Synthetic Genetic Arrays

Published on: November 12, 2012

46.1K
Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations
08:03

Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations

Published on: December 7, 2021

2.1K
Live Cell Imaging of Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus pneumoniae using Automated Time-lapse Microscopy
07:31

Live Cell Imaging of Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus pneumoniae using Automated Time-lapse Microscopy

Published on: July 28, 2011

45.7K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Biophysics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Bacterial genome function relies on multi-scale organization governed by physical forces.
  • Interatomic forces influence protein and nucleic acid structures, while stochastic forces affect gene organization.
  • Cellular processes like transcription and replication generate forces impacting chromosomal structure and location.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multi-scale physical forces constraining bacterial genome organization.
  • To identify conserved organizational patterns across evolutionarily distant bacteria.
  • To explore protein structures, gene organization, and global chromosome structure.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on physical forces in bacterial genomes.
  • Analysis of conserved patterns across different bacterial species.
  • Focus on three organizational scales: protein, gene, and chromosome.

Main Results:

  • Physical forces are critical at all scales of bacterial genome organization.
  • Stochastic forces and cellular activities impose constraints on genome structure.
  • Conserved patterns exist in protein structures, gene arrangement, and chromosome conformation.

Conclusions:

  • Deciphering the complexity of bacterial genomes requires understanding multi-scale physical constraints.
  • Conserved organizational principles reflect evolutionary adaptations in bacteria.
  • Further research into these scales can illuminate bacterial genome evolution and function.