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Neonatal glucocorticoid overexposure programs pituitary-adrenal function in ponies.

J K Jellyman1, O A Valenzuela1, V L Allen1

  • 1Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Domestic Animal Endocrinology
|September 21, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Neonatal exposure to high cortisol levels, induced by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), alters the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity in adult ponies. This early-life stress impacts HPA axis function later in life.

Keywords:
ACTHAdrenalCortisolGlucocorticoidHorseHypoglycemiaPituitary

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Animal Physiology
  • Veterinary Medicine

Background:

  • The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis regulates the stress response.
  • Neonatal exposure to glucocorticoids can have long-term effects on HPA axis function.
  • Understanding these effects is crucial for animal health and welfare.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if neonatal overexposure to glucocorticoids alters HPA axis reactivity in ponies.
  • To assess the HPA axis response to stress at 1 and 2 years of age following neonatal treatment.
  • To determine the long-term consequences of early-life cortisol elevation on HPA axis function.

Main Methods:

  • Newborn foals received either saline or long-acting adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) for five days to elevate cortisol levels.
  • At 1 and 2 years of age, HPA axis function was tested using ACTH and insulin challenges.
  • Plasma ACTH and cortisol concentrations were measured at regular intervals after drug administration.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences were observed in basal ACTH or cortisol levels, or in the cortisol response to exogenous ACTH.
  • Ponies treated with ACTH neonatally showed a greater ACTH increment in response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia at 60 minutes.
  • Neonatal cortisol overexposure did not alter the cortisol response to hypoglycemia but affected ACTH response.

Conclusions:

  • Neonatal cortisol overexposure alters the functioning of the HPA axis in adult ponies.
  • The study demonstrates a lasting impact of early-life stress on the HPA axis regulation.
  • These findings highlight the sensitivity of the developing HPA axis to glucocorticoid levels.