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Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Insulin-Producing Islet Clusters

Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Insulin-Producing Islet Clusters

Published on: June 23, 2023

Inducing human parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells into islet‑like clusters.

Jin Li¹, Jingjing He¹, Ge Lin¹

¹Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China.

Molecular Medicine Reports

|September 23, 2014

Summary

Human parthenogenetic embryonic stem (hpES) cells can differentiate into functional islet-like clusters (ILCs). These hpES cell-derived ILCs show potential for treating type I diabetes mellitus.

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Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Into Pancreatic Beta-Cell Precursors in a 2D Culture System

Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Into Pancreatic Beta-Cell Precursors in a 2D Culture System

Published on: December 16, 2021

Area of Science:

Stem cell biology
Endocrinology
Regenerative medicine

Background:

Type I diabetes mellitus (TIDM) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.
Current treatments for TIDM primarily involve insulin replacement therapy, which can lead to complications.
Alternative therapeutic strategies, such as beta cell transplantation, are limited by donor availability and immune rejection.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the potential of human parthenogenetic embryonic stem (hpES) cells to differentiate into functional islet-like clusters (ILCs).
To assess the characteristics and functionality of hpES cell-derived ILCs for potential therapeutic applications in TIDM.

Main Methods:

A modified four-step protocol was employed to induce hpES cells into ILCs in vitro.
Sequential addition of growth factors including activin A, retinoic acid, nicotinamide, Exendin-4, and betacellulin.
Immunohistochemistry, semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and insulin release tests were used for characterization and functional assessment.

Main Results:

Terminally differentiated cells successfully aggregated into ILCs.
The derived ILCs expressed key islet-specific hormones and functional markers.
Insulin release tests confirmed that the hpES cell-derived ILCs exhibited physiological functions comparable to native islets.

Conclusions:

hpES cells possess the capacity to differentiate into functional ILCs.
These hpES cell-derived ILCs share significant similarities with native pancreatic islets.
hpES cell-derived ILCs represent a promising and reliable source for cell-based therapy in type I diabetes mellitus.