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Related Concept Videos

Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

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Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
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IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway01:11

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Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and...
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Phosphorylation01:02

Phosphorylation

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The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications can affect the structure, activity, stability, and localization of proteins within cells as well as their interactions with other proteins.
During phosphorylation, protein kinases transfer the terminal phosphate group of ATP to specific amino acid side chains of substrate proteins. Serine, threonine, and tyrosine are the most commonly...
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Phosphorylation

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Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers01:15

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Many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic; they do not cross the cell membrane but bind to cell-surface receptors. Thus, their message must be relayed by second messengers present in the cell cytoplasm. There are several second messenger pathways, each with its own way of relaying information. For example, the G protein-coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol pathway is active when the receptor induces...
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Protein Kinases and Phosphatases02:54

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Proteins undergo chemical modifications that trigger changes in the charge, structure, and conformation of the proteins. Phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, nitrosylation, ubiquitination, lipidation, methylation, and proteolysis are various protein modifications that regulate protein activity. Such modifications are usually enzyme-driven.
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Identification of Inositol Phosphate or Phosphoinositide Interacting Proteins by Affinity Chromatography Coupled to Western Blot or Mass Spectrometry
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Identification of Inositol Phosphate or Phosphoinositide Interacting Proteins by Affinity Chromatography Coupled to Western Blot or Mass Spectrometry

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Phosphoinositides regulate ion channels.

Bertil Hille1, Eamonn J Dickson1, Martin Kruse1

  • 1Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195-7290, USA.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
|September 23, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Many ion channels are regulated by membrane phosphoinositides, impacting cellular electrical excitability. This lipid regulation influences channel function and trafficking, crucial for cellular signaling pathways.

Keywords:
Calcium channelG-protein coupled receptor (GPCR)Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphatePhospholipase C (PLC)Potassium channelTransient receptor potential channel (TRP channel)

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Radiolabeling and Quantification of Cellular Levels of Phosphoinositides by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-coupled Flow Scintillation
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Single-molecule Super-resolution Imaging of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the Plasma Membrane with Novel Fluorescent Probes
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Identification of Inositol Phosphate or Phosphoinositide Interacting Proteins by Affinity Chromatography Coupled to Western Blot or Mass Spectrometry
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Radiolabeling and Quantification of Cellular Levels of Phosphoinositides by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-coupled Flow Scintillation
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Single-molecule Super-resolution Imaging of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the Plasma Membrane with Novel Fluorescent Probes
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Phosphoinositides act as crucial signaling molecules and membrane identity markers.
  • Membrane proteins, including ion channels, often require specific lipid environments for proper function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence for phosphoinositide regulation of ion channels.
  • To discuss tools, mechanisms, and biological significance of this regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research.
  • Description of experimental tools for assessing phosphoinositide dependence.

Main Results:

  • Substantial evidence supports the regulation of numerous ion channels by membrane phosphoinositides.
  • Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate is a key regulator.
  • Lipid composition of intracellular membranes affects ion channel activity during trafficking.

Conclusions:

  • Membrane phosphoinositides play a critical role in modulating ion channel activity and cellular excitability.
  • This regulation is essential for signal transduction and proper channel localization.