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Low-melting mixtures based on choline ionic liquids.

Doris Rengstl1, Veronika Fischer, Werner Kunz

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This study designs low-melting mixtures (LMMs) from natural materials. Choline glutarate and choline chloride mixtures were found to be room-temperature liquids, offering a less toxic alternative to conventional ionic liquids.

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Area of Science:

  • Green Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are often low-melting mixtures (LMMs) but not always liquid at room temperature.
  • Choline chloride and dicarboxylic acids form DES, with limited room-temperature liquid exceptions.
  • Natural materials offer a sustainable alternative for solvent design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design low toxicity, room-temperature liquid low-melting mixtures (LMMs) using entirely natural materials.
  • To decrease the melting point of dicarboxylic acids by modifying their structure.
  • To create novel, biodegradable ionic liquids as alternatives to conventional ones.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized ionic liquids (ILs) by exchanging protons in dicarboxylic acids (succinic, glutaric, adipic) with choline cations.
  • Prepared mixtures of synthesized ILs with choline chloride.
  • Investigated properties of resulting mixtures including density, conductivity, and viscosity.
  • Utilized Walden plots to assess ion dissociation and liquid behavior.

Main Results:

  • Modified dicarboxylic acids showed reduced melting temperatures compared to parent acids.
  • Choline glutarate-choline chloride mixtures became room-temperature liquids at 95-98 wt% choline glutarate.
  • Walden plot analysis confirmed fully dissociated ions, indicating "good" ionic liquid behavior.
  • Choline dodecylsulfate demonstrated solubility and aggregation in the LMMs above 55 °C.

Conclusions:

  • A strategy for creating natural, room-temperature LMMs was successfully developed.
  • The synthesized mixtures exhibit properties suitable for use as "good" ionic liquids.
  • These novel LMMs present a promising, eco-friendly alternative for various applications, replacing toxic or less biodegradable options.