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Source Case Investigation for Children with TB Disease in Pune, India

Debalina De1, Aarti Kinikar2, P S Adhav2

  • 1University of Michigan Medical School, 1301 Catherine Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.

Tuberculosis Research and Treatment
|September 23, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Contact tracing for tuberculosis (TB) is vital but poorly implemented in India, especially for children. This study found missed opportunities for TB prevention in pediatric cases, highlighting an urgent need for improved strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Contact tracing is crucial for tuberculosis (TB) control globally.
  • High-burden countries often neglect identifying contacts of new TB patients, increasing child vulnerability.
  • Children in impoverished, crowded communities face heightened TB risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the source cases of 50 pediatric tuberculosis (TB) patients in Pune, India.
  • To assess the implementation and impact of contact tracing in pediatric TB cases.
  • To identify missed opportunities for TB prevention in young children.

Main Methods:

  • A descriptive, cross-sectional observational study was conducted.
  • Investigated 50 pediatric TB cases under 5 years of age.
  • Collected data on index cases and their household contacts.

Main Results:

  • 15 (30%) pediatric TB cases had known TB contacts in their households, mostly adults.
  • Only one eligible child received isoniazid preventive therapy before diagnosis.
  • Index cases with known contacts experienced longer treatment delays (17.5 vs. 2 days).
  • Contact tracing identified 14 additional TB suspects, 8 of whom were children.

Conclusions:

  • Contact tracing implementation is inadequate in resource-limited settings like India.
  • Significant opportunities for TB prevention, particularly for children, are being missed.
  • Urgent development of strategies to enhance TB prevention in young children is necessary.

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