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Getting rhythm: how do babies do it?

Desaline Joseph1, Nelson W Chong2, Morag E Shanks3

  • 1Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.

Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition
|September 24, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Biological rhythms emerge sequentially in infants within the first 18 weeks of life. Cortisol secretion and consolidated night-time sleep appear first, followed by temperature regulation and gene expression, indicating developmental adaptation.

Keywords:
Fetal MedicineSIDSSleep

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Area of Science:

  • Chronobiology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • Infant development involves the maturation of biological rhythms.
  • Understanding the precise timing of these rhythms is crucial for assessing healthy development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the emergence of biological rhythms in human infants.
  • To measure age-related changes in core body temperature, hormone secretion (cortisol and 6-sulfatoxymelatonin), and gene expression (H3f3b) during early development.

Main Methods:

  • An observational longitudinal study was conducted.
  • Measurements included overnight core body temperature, actigraphy, urinary cortisol and 6-sulfatoxymelatonin, and circadian gene expression.
  • 35 healthy, full-term infants were monitored from 6 to 18 weeks of age.

Main Results:

  • The day-night rhythm of cortisol secretion emerged first at 8 weeks.
  • Rhythms of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin and consolidated night-time sleep appeared around 9 weeks.
  • Core body temperature regulation aligned with sleep onset by 10 weeks, followed by H3f3b gene expression rhythmicity at 11 weeks.

Conclusions:

  • A distinct sequential pattern for diurnal biological rhythm emergence exists in infants aged 6-18 weeks.
  • Cortisol secretion and established night-time sleep initiate this sequence.
  • This emergence reflects maturation and adaptation to the external environment.