Bioimaging and subclinical cardiovascular disease in low- and middle-income countries

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Medical Imaging
• Cardiology

Background:

• Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a primary cause of global mortality and economic strain, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
• Subclinical CVD detection before major events offers a window for intervention to prevent morbidity and mortality.
• Effective care responses are crucial for realizing the benefits of early CVD detection.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review imaging technologies for detecting subclinical atherosclerotic and non-atherosclerotic CVD.
• To assess the rationale, relevance, feasibility, utilization, and access of these imaging modalities in LMICs.
• To highlight the potential benefits of early subclinical CVD detection in LMICs.

Main Methods:

• Review of imaging technologies including carotid ultrasound, coronary artery calcification (CAC) scoring, and echocardiography.
• Analysis of the applicability of these methods in the context of LMICs.
• Discussion of factors influencing the implementation of subclinical CVD screening in resource-limited settings.

Main Results:

• Imaging modalities like carotid ultrasound, CAC scoring, and echocardiography can detect subclinical CVD.
• Feasibility, utilization, and access to these technologies vary significantly in LMICs.
• Early detection via imaging holds substantial potential for improved health outcomes in LMICs.

Conclusions:

• Subclinical CVD detection using imaging technologies is promising for preventing cardiac events in LMICs.
• Further research is essential to evaluate the feasibility, utility, and cost-effectiveness of these strategies in LMICs.
• Integrating early detection with healthcare system engagement is key to reducing CVD burden in LMICs.