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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

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Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
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Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

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During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
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Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

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Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion...
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Viral Structure00:56

Viral Structure

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Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
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Structure and Function of Erythrocytes01:29

Structure and Function of Erythrocytes

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There are between 4.2 and 6 million erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells, in every microliter of blood. These cells are small, flattened biconcave discs with centers that are depressed.
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Conjugated Proteins02:50

Conjugated Proteins

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Simple proteins and protein complexes contain only amino acids. In contrast, many other proteins, called conjugated proteins, covalently bond with non-protein moieties.
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A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication
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Structure-function analysis of hepatitis C virus envelope glycoproteins E1 and E2.

Aparajita Nayak1, Nagarajan Pattabiraman, Numrah Fadra

  • 1a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine , George Washington University , Washington , DC 20037 , USA.

Journal of Biomolecular Structure & Dynamics
|September 24, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a 3D model of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) envelope proteins E1 and E2. This model reveals potential vaccine targets and aids structure-based drug design for chronic liver disease.

Keywords:
3D modelHCVenvelope proteinsglycoproteinsstructural analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Structural Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes chronic liver disease.
  • HCV envelope proteins E1 and E2 are key targets for vaccine development.
  • Lack of 3D structure for the E1.E2 complex limits understanding and drug design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create a 3D model of the HCV E1.E2 envelope protein complex.
  • To investigate the immunogenic properties of the modeled complex.
  • To identify potential vaccine epitopes and therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Modeled the HCV E1.E2 complex using published structures of E1 (aa205-319) and E2 (aa421-716).
  • Refined the model using existing experimental data.
  • Analyzed the model to predict exposed residues and antigenic sites.

Main Results:

  • Generated a comprehensive 3D model of the HCV E1.E2 complex.
  • Identified 77 exposed residues and multiple antigenic sites within the E1.E2 complex.
  • Discovered eight peptides with antigenic propensity and 12 negatively selected sites as potential vaccine or therapeutic targets, including a specific peptide (285FLVGQLFTFSPRRHW299) in E1.

Conclusions:

  • The 3D model provides the first integrated view of HCV E1 and E2 proteins.
  • The identified antigenic sites and peptides offer promising avenues for vaccine development.
  • The model facilitates structure-based drug design strategies against HCV infection.