Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Testosterone: Functions and Regulation01:26

Testosterone: Functions and Regulation

3.2K
The intricate hormonal interplay essential for male reproductive health begins with the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by the hypothalamus. This hormone prompts the pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). LH targets the Leydig cells in the testes, stimulating them to produce and release testosterone. In concert with testosterone, FSH acts on the Sertoli cells within the seminiferous tubules to facilitate the release of...
3.2K
Intracellular Hormone Receptors01:08

Intracellular Hormone Receptors

45.4K
Lipid-soluble hormones diffuse across the plasma and nuclear membrane of target cells to bind to their specific intracellular receptors. These receptors act as transcription factors that regulate gene expression and protein synthesis in the target cell
45.4K
Adrenergic Antagonists: Pharmacological Actions of ɑ-Receptor Blockers01:22

Adrenergic Antagonists: Pharmacological Actions of ɑ-Receptor Blockers

1.7K
α-Adrenergic antagonists, known as α-blockers, exert their effects by inhibiting α-adrenoceptors, leading to specific physiological actions. α1-blockers and α2-blockers have distinct pharmacological actions and therapeutic applications.
α1-blockers: These drugs inhibit α1-adrenoceptors on smooth muscle cells, resulting in vasodilation. This vasodilation lowers blood pressure, making α1-blockers valuable in treating hypertension. Additionally,...
1.7K
Hormones of the Adrenal Glands01:31

Hormones of the Adrenal Glands

5.8K
Adrenal hormones play a pivotal role in maintaining the body's electrolyte balance and orchestrating responses to stress, showcasing the intricate functions of the adrenal cortex and medulla.
The adrenal cortex, a powerhouse of hormone synthesis, generates over two dozen corticosteroid hormones. The zona glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids, exemplified by aldosterone, influencing the electrolyte composition of body fluids. The synthesis of glucocorticoids such as cortisol and...
5.8K
Secondary Messengers in Hormone Action01:26

Secondary Messengers in Hormone Action

5.5K
Water-soluble hormones cannot cross the plasma membrane, so they rely on protein receptors that span the membrane to trigger intracellular signaling pathways. These pathways then activate second messengers inside the cell, including cAMP or calcium ions.
Many hormones bind to transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors that connect to regulatory G proteins. These G proteins can then activate enzymes such as adenylyl cyclase or phospholipase C. Adenylyl cyclase converts ATP to cAMP, activating...
5.5K
Target Cell Response to Hormones01:22

Target Cell Response to Hormones

5.6K
Hormones intricately bind to receptors on the surface or within target cells, initiating a cascade of cellular responses.
Notably, the cellular response can be regulated by altering the number of receptors expressed in the cell. For example, prolonged exposure to elevated hormone levels results in a gradual decline or down-regulation in the number of receptors for that specific hormone on the cell surface. Conversely, in response to low hormone levels, cells may use up-regulation, producing an...
5.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

German law on protection of children with DSD: first data on care after enactment.

Endocrine connections·2026
Same author

Clinical Characterization and Molecular Profiling by Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing in a Large Indian Cohort With 46,XY Differences in Sex Development.

Clinical endocrinology·2026
Same author

Exploring the underlying gene expression profiles of differences of sex development phenotypes through transcriptome analysis.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Interpretable Machine Learning Model for Survival Prediction in Pediatric Adrenocortical Tumors.

Journal of the Endocrine Society·2026
Same author

Comprehensive androgen-dependent transcriptome analysis in human genital tissue.

BMC genomics·2025
Same author

A radial basis function method for noisy global optimisation.

Mathematical programming·2025
Same journal

Transition in Pediatric and Adolescent Hypogonadal Girls: Gynecological Aspects, Estrogen Replacement Therapy, and Contraception.

Endocrine development·2018
Same journal

Transition of Care from Childhood to Adulthood: Congenital Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism.

Endocrine development·2018
Same journal

Management of Hypothalamic Obesity during Transition from Childhood to Adulthood.

Endocrine development·2018
Same journal

Fertility Preservation in Endocrine Disorders during Transition for Girls.

Endocrine development·2018
Same journal

Transition of Care from Childhood to Adulthood: Turner Syndrome.

Endocrine development·2018
Same journal

Transitions in Care from Pediatric to Adult Health Care Providers: Ongoing Challenges and Opportunities for Young Persons with Diabetes.

Endocrine development·2018
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies
06:24

Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies

Published on: January 10, 2025

1.7K

Androgen action.

Ralf Werner1, Paul-Martin Holterhus

  • 1Universität zu Lübeck, Sektion Experimentelle Pädiatrische Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Klinik für Kinder und Jugendliche, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Lübeck, Germany.

Endocrine Development
|September 24, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Androgens, mediated by the androgen receptor (AR), are vital for male development and physiology. Research reveals long-term androgen programming effects at molecular and epigenetic levels.

More Related Videos

Prostate Organoid Cultures as Tools to Translate Genotypes and Mutational Profiles to Pharmacological Responses
08:36

Prostate Organoid Cultures as Tools to Translate Genotypes and Mutational Profiles to Pharmacological Responses

Published on: October 24, 2019

9.7K
Detecting the Ligand-binding Domain Dimerization Activity of Estrogen Receptor Alpha Using the Mammalian Two-Hybrid Assay
09:07

Detecting the Ligand-binding Domain Dimerization Activity of Estrogen Receptor Alpha Using the Mammalian Two-Hybrid Assay

Published on: December 19, 2018

5.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies
06:24

Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies

Published on: January 10, 2025

1.7K
Prostate Organoid Cultures as Tools to Translate Genotypes and Mutational Profiles to Pharmacological Responses
08:36

Prostate Organoid Cultures as Tools to Translate Genotypes and Mutational Profiles to Pharmacological Responses

Published on: October 24, 2019

9.7K
Detecting the Ligand-binding Domain Dimerization Activity of Estrogen Receptor Alpha Using the Mammalian Two-Hybrid Assay
09:07

Detecting the Ligand-binding Domain Dimerization Activity of Estrogen Receptor Alpha Using the Mammalian Two-Hybrid Assay

Published on: December 19, 2018

5.8K

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Androgens are critical hormones for male sex development and physiological functions.
  • Androgen receptor (AR) mediates androgen actions as a ligand-dependent nuclear transcription factor.
  • AR activity is regulated through multiple mechanisms including ligand binding, structural changes, and coregulator recruitment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the mechanisms of androgen action and regulation.
  • To investigate the evidence for long-term androgen programming in mammals and humans.
  • To examine molecular and epigenetic changes associated with androgen programming.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on androgen action and programming.
  • Analysis of molecular data from studies on androgen insensitivity syndrome.
  • Examination of transcriptome and epigenome modifications.

Main Results:

  • Androgen actions are complex, involving AR regulation at multiple stages.
  • Evidence supports long-term androgen programming during sensitive developmental windows.
  • Androgen insensitivity syndrome research has revealed programming at transcriptome and epigenome levels.

Conclusions:

  • Androgens are essential for male development and physiology throughout life.
  • AR-mediated signaling is fundamental to male sexual differentiation and function.
  • Long-term programming by androgens has significant molecular and epigenetic implications.