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Getting the picture: iconicity does not affect representation-referent confusion.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Development
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Perceptual Psychology

Background:

  • Understanding how children interpret pictorial representations is crucial for developmental psychology.
  • Pictorial iconicity, the degree to which a picture resembles its referent, may influence early representational understanding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate 3- to 5-year-old children's sensitivity to pictorial iconicity.
  • To determine if iconicity affects picture-referent confusion once a representational relationship is established.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments involving 428 children aged 3–5 years were conducted.
  • Experiments 1 and 2 assessed iconicity's effect on referential confusion under different conditions.
  • Experiment 3 examined children's initial preference for iconic representations.

Main Results:

  • Pictorial iconicity did not influence referential confusion when the referent changed or differed initially.
  • Children preferred photographs over drawings, indicating sensitivity to iconicity when first establishing a picture-object relation.
  • Iconicity was irrelevant once children accepted a picture as representing an object.

Conclusions:

  • Iconicity is important for initially establishing a picture-object relationship.
  • Once a picture-object relation is accepted, iconicity becomes less relevant, possibly due to developing domain-general representational abilities.