Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

9
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
9
Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology01:14

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

11
Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...
11
Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue

3.0K
Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
Homeostatic Imbalances:
Alzheimer's disease manifests as a gradual decline in memory and cognitive abilities, attributed to the buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
Parkinson's disease arises from the...
3.0K
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

25
Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...
25
System of Memory01:23

System of Memory

9.0K
Memory is categorized into three major systems: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). These systems differ in their capacity and the duration for which they can hold information. Sensory memory captures raw sensory input from the environment, holding it for just a few seconds or less. For example, on hearing a brief, loud sound, like a car horn honking, the sound seems to linger in the mind for a moment even after it stops. This is an instance of sensory memory...
9.0K
Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology

16
Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and...
16

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Effects of vitamin B9 and B12-fortified corn flour on cognitive function in teenage girls: a randomized controlled trial in Ethiopia.

European journal of nutrition·2026
Same author

Phase 2 Futility Trials in Alzheimer Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Cohort Analysis of the ADNI Data Set.

Neurology·2026
Same author

Cortical Lesions Form Predominantly in Early Multiple Sclerosis.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Forget processing speed: cognitive changes in multiple sclerosis call for new measurement tools.

Brain : a journal of neurology·2026
Same author

Characterizing the extended language network in individuals with multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)·2025
Same author

Cognition in multiple sclerosis within the modern diagnostic and treatment era.

Brain : a journal of neurology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
09:41

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

12.4K

Default network connectivity is linked to memory status in multiple sclerosis.

Victoria M Leavitt1, Jessica Paxton2, James F Sumowski3

  • 11Columbia University Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Care and Research Center,Cognitive Neuroscience Division,Department of Neurology,Columbia University Medical Center,New York,New York.

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS
|September 24, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with memory impairment show altered default network (DN) functional connectivity (FC). Increased DN FC in MS patients is linked to better memory performance, suggesting it as a potential therapeutic target.

More Related Videos

Generalized Psychophysiological Interaction PPI Analysis of Memory Related Connectivity in Individuals at Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease
09:38

Generalized Psychophysiological Interaction PPI Analysis of Memory Related Connectivity in Individuals at Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: November 14, 2017

14.4K
The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool
11:35

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

Published on: June 30, 2014

58.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
09:41

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

12.4K
Generalized Psychophysiological Interaction PPI Analysis of Memory Related Connectivity in Individuals at Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease
09:38

Generalized Psychophysiological Interaction PPI Analysis of Memory Related Connectivity in Individuals at Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: November 14, 2017

14.4K
The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool
11:35

The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test MSPT: An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool

Published on: June 30, 2014

58.9K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neurology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Memory impairment affects approximately 50% of individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • Altered resting-state functional connectivity (FC) within the default network (DN) is observed in MS patients.
  • The relationship between DN FC and memory function in MS remains underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between default network functional connectivity (DN FC) and memory performance in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.
  • To determine if DN FC can serve as a specific biomarker for memory function in MS.
  • To establish a methodological approach for interpreting FC alterations in MS by pairing functional networks with cognitive functions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to assess FC within the default network (DN).
  • Examined 43 MS patients, categorizing them into memory-impaired and memory-intact groups.
  • Correlated DN FC measures with standardized memory performance assessments, controlling for overall cognitive efficiency.

Main Results:

  • Memory-intact MS patients exhibited significantly increased DN FC compared to memory-impaired MS patients.
  • A positive correlation was found between DN FC and memory function, indicating higher FC is associated with better memory performance.
  • These results remained consistent even after accounting for general cognitive efficiency, supporting the specificity of the DN to memory.

Conclusions:

  • Default network functional connectivity (DN FC) serves as a reliable marker for memory function in multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • The findings suggest that DN FC alterations are specifically related to memory deficits in MS, not just general cognitive decline.
  • Targeting DN FC presents a promising avenue for future therapeutic interventions aimed at improving memory in MS patients.