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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

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Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
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Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

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Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...
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Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

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Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
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Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
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Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 23, 2026

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
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Congestive Heart Failure With Apparently Preserved Left Ventricular Systolic Function: A 10-Year Observational Study.

Ayman El-Menyar1, Adel Shabana2, Abdulrahman Arabi3

  • 1Department of Clinical Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical School, Doha, Qatar Clinical Research, Trauma Section, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar Internal Medicine, Cardiology Section, Ahmed Maher Teaching Hospital, Cairo, Egypt aymanco65@yahoo.com.

Angiology
|September 25, 2014
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Summary

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF) patients had better outcomes than those with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Early use of evidence-based medications may improve hospital outcomes for HFPEF patients.

Keywords:
Qatarcongestive heart failurediastolic functionejection fractionmortalitysystolic function

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Heart failure (HF) is a complex syndrome with diverse clinical presentations.
  • Distinguishing between HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is crucial for management.
  • HFpEF constitutes a significant portion of HF cases, yet its characteristics and outcomes require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the clinical presentation and outcomes of patients with HFpEF.
  • To compare outcomes between HFpEF and HFrEF.
  • To identify predictors of mortality in HF patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 2212 HF patients from 2003 to 2013.
  • Patients categorized into two groups based on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF): Group 1 (LVEF <50%) and Group 2 (LVEF ≥50%).
  • Multivariate analysis employed to identify independent predictors of mortality.

Main Results:

  • 20% of HF patients were classified as HFpEF (Group 2).
  • HFpEF patients were more likely to be older, female, Arab, hypertensive, and obese.
  • HFpEF was associated with lower in-hospital cardiac arrest, shock, and mortality rates compared to HFrEF.
  • Independent predictors of mortality included age, ST-elevation myocardial infarction, and lack of specific medication use.

Conclusions:

  • HFpEF is associated with a less severe clinical presentation and better short-term outcomes compared to HFrEF.
  • Patient demographics and comorbidities differ significantly between HFpEF and HFrEF groups.
  • Early administration of evidence-based medications may contribute to improved hospital outcomes in HF patients, including those with HFpEF.