Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction01:26

Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction

16
Cushing syndrome refers to the collection of clinical manifestations that arise when tissues are exposed to excessive amounts of cortisol or cortisol-like medications over an extended period. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex, regulates metabolism, immune responses, and the body’s adaptation to stress. When its concentration remains chronically elevated, these physiological pathways become dysregulated, resulting in the characteristic features of the...
16
Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology01:19

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

9
Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features...
9
Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

3.6K
Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
3.6K
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

11
Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
11
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

14
Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor,...
14
Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis01:37

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis

48.6K
The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.
48.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Impact of Osilodrostat on Health-Related Quality of Life in Cushing's Disease: Analysis of Patient-Reported Outcomes From the Phase III LINC 3 and LINC 4 Clinical Trials.

Clinical endocrinology·2026
Same author

Developments in Pharmacotherapy for Acromegaly: Current and Emerging Approaches.

Drugs·2026
Same author

Efficacy and safety of once-weekly somatrogon in adults with growth hormone deficiency: a randomized phase 3 study.

Pituitary·2026
Same author

Cognitive function, quality of life, and survival outcomes in patients with lower grade gliomas treated with proton radiation therapy: A phase II study.

Neuro-oncology·2026
Same author

Controlling cortisol excess and comorbidities in Cushing's syndrome with osilodrostat.

Pituitary·2025
Same author

Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly Lonapegsomatropin in Adults With Growth Hormone Deficiency: foresiGHt Trial Results.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 23, 2026

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
06:08

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling

Published on: September 15, 2017

26.5K

Cushing's disease.

Nicholas A Tritos1, Beverly M K Biller1

  • 1Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|September 25, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Cushing's disease, caused by pituitary tumors, leads to excess cortisol. Effective diagnosis and treatment, primarily surgery, improve survival but long-term quality of life remains a concern.

Keywords:
Cushing's diseasecabergolineketoconazolemetyraponemifepristonemitotanepasireotidepituitary adenomaradiation therapytranssphenoidal surgery

More Related Videos

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
07:43

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

18.5K
An Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Protocol for Instigating Depressive Symptoms, Behavioral Changes and Negative Health Outcomes in Rodents
06:55

An Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Protocol for Instigating Depressive Symptoms, Behavioral Changes and Negative Health Outcomes in Rodents

Published on: December 2, 2015

22.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 23, 2026

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
06:08

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling

Published on: September 15, 2017

26.5K
Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
07:43

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

18.5K
An Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Protocol for Instigating Depressive Symptoms, Behavioral Changes and Negative Health Outcomes in Rodents
06:55

An Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Protocol for Instigating Depressive Symptoms, Behavioral Changes and Negative Health Outcomes in Rodents

Published on: December 2, 2015

22.3K

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Neurosurgery

Background:

  • Cushing's disease (CD) results from pituitary tumors secreting ACTH, causing cortisol excess and affecting 70% of endogenous Cushing's syndrome cases.
  • Delayed diagnosis and treatment of CD lead to significant morbidity and mortality due to hypercortisolism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the diagnostic complexities and current management strategies for Cushing's disease.
  • To discuss treatment outcomes, recurrence rates, and future therapeutic directions for CD.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis involves confirming pathologic hypercortisolism and identifying the pituitary tumor.
  • Primary management is transsphenoidal pituitary surgery (TSS) by experienced surgeons.

Main Results:

  • TSS achieves remission in 70-90% of CD patients, but recurrence rates can reach 25% long-term.
  • Recurrent CD may be managed with repeat surgery, radiation, medical therapy, or bilateral adrenalectomy.
  • Improved diagnostics and management have increased survival, yet some patients experience impaired quality of life.

Conclusions:

  • While advancements have improved Cushing's disease survival, long-term quality of life requires further attention.
  • Further understanding of CD pathogenesis is crucial for developing more effective therapies.