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Related Concept Videos

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

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Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component...
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Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology01:29

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Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins...
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Cranial and Spinal Meninges01:19

Cranial and Spinal Meninges

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The cranial and spinal meninges are complex protective structures surrounding the central nervous system (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord. These meninges consist of the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. They protect the CNS, provide structural support, and aid in circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Cranial Meninges
These meningeal layers cover the cranium. The dura mater is the outermost layer of cranial meninges. It is a thick and durable membrane of dense...
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Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

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The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
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Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

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The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
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Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

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Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this...
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Craniopharyngioma.

Hermann L Müller1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum Oldenburg, Medical Campus University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|September 25, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Craniopharyngiomas, rare brain tumors, often affect children. While survival is high, managing long-term quality of life and monitoring for recurrence are crucial for optimal patient care.

Keywords:
Craniopharyngiomabrain tumorshypothalamic obesityirradiationneurocognitiveneurosurgerypituitaryquality of liferecurrencesleep

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Area of Science:

  • Neuro-oncology
  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Neurosurgery

Background:

  • Craniopharyngiomas are embryogenic tumors in the sellar/parasellar region, with 30-50% occurring in children.
  • Incidence is 0.5-2.0 new cases per million annually.
  • Symptoms include headache, visual impairment, and hormonal imbalances.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical manifestations, therapeutic strategies, and outcomes of craniopharyngioma.
  • To highlight the importance of quality of life and long-term monitoring in survivors.
  • To discuss ongoing research on optimal treatment timing.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical data and treatment outcomes for craniopharyngioma patients.
  • Analysis of surgical and radiotherapeutic approaches.
  • Consideration of quality of life as a primary endpoint in clinical trials.

Main Results:

  • High overall survival rates (92%) but significant impact on quality of life.
  • Recurrence and tumor progression are common post-treatment events.
  • Optimal timing of postsurgical irradiation is under investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Craniopharyngioma, especially in children, should be managed as a chronic disease.
  • Constant monitoring of clinical and quality of life consequences is essential.
  • Multidisciplinary care is vital for optimizing long-term outcomes.