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Related Concept Videos

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated01:30

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated

168
Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also...
168
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification01:23

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification

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Modified-release drug delivery systems improve drug efficacy and minimize side effects by controlling the rate and location of drug release. These systems fall into three categories: rate-programmed, stimuli-activated, and site-targeted.Rate-programmed systems release drugs at a predetermined rate, maintaining consistent therapeutic levels and reducing fluctuations that could lead to toxicity or subtherapeutic effects. These systems use polymeric matrices, reservoir-based designs, or osmotic...
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Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers01:24

Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers

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Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted01:24

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted

160
Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
160
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Influencing Factors01:20

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Influencing Factors

195
Modified-release drug delivery systems are designed to optimize the therapeutic effect of drugs by minimizing side effects, reducing the dosage required, and controlling drug release to align with pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic needs. The system depends on two key factors: the drug's release from the formulation and its movement through the body to the target site. Unlike conventional dosage forms, where absorption is the limiting step, the rate of drug release is the key determinant in...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II01:19

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128
Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
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Related Experiment Video

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Enzyme-responsive nanomaterials for controlled drug delivery.

Quanyin Hu1, Prateek S Katti, Zhen Gu

  • 1Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. zgu@email.unc.edu zgu3@ncsu.edu.

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Enzymes are key to bodily functions and disease. This review explores enzyme-responsive nanomaterials for targeted drug delivery, highlighting their potential in nanomedicine for diagnostics and therapeutics.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Nanomedicine
  • Enzymology

Background:

  • Enzymes regulate physiological processes but are often dysregulated in disease.
  • Altered enzyme activity presents opportunities for diagnostics and targeted therapies.
  • Nanobiotechnology advancements enable the development of enzyme-responsive nanomaterials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review enzymes that can trigger drug release.
  • To explore enzyme-responsive nanomaterials for drug delivery.
  • To discuss future prospects in this field.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of enzymes (proteases, phospholipases, oxidoreductases) as triggers.
  • Exploration of enzyme-responsive nanomaterials for drug delivery applications.
  • Analysis of extracellular and intracellular delivery strategies.

Main Results:

  • Identified key enzymes (proteases, phospholipases, oxidoreductases) as effective triggers for drug release.
  • Highlighted diverse enzyme-responsive nanomaterials with applications in extracellular and intracellular drug delivery.
  • Showcased significant development in nanomedicine for controlled drug release.

Conclusions:

  • Enzyme-responsive nanomaterials represent a promising strategy in nanomedicine.
  • Versatile applications exist for both extracellular and intracellular drug delivery.
  • Further research is needed to address future opportunities and challenges.